PSY 200 Study Guide - Final Guide: Functional Fixedness, Problem Solving, Bounded Rationality
Document Summary
Barriers to problem solving: irrelevant information causes distraction. Barriers to problem solving: functional fixedness the tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its most common use. Barriers to problem solving: mental set exists when people persist in using strategies that have worked in the past but are no longer optimal. Barriers to problem solving: unnecessary constraints requires specifying all the constraints governing a problem without assuming any constraints don"t exists. Specific problem-solving strategies forming subgoals, searching for analogies, changing the representation of the problem, incubation. Culture, cognitive style, and problem solving: analytic (western) vs. holistic (non- Eastern asian cultures display a holistic cognitive style that focuses on context and relationships among elements, whereas people from wester cultures exhibit an analytic cognitive style that focuses on objects and their properties rather than context. * risky decision making (making choices under conditions of uncertainty) * distinctions among aptitude, achievement, intelligence, and personality tests (not covered in textbook)
