CHE 211 Study Guide - Final Guide: Ribose, Dna Replication, Phosphorylation
Organic Chemistry 2: Carbohydrate Metabolism
Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in a living organism
Human metabolism is quite remarkable; just as we put gas in our cars to go make it run;
we, humans, also need a source of energy in order to think, breath, exercise or work
As we have seen in previous chapters, even the simplest living cells in continually
carrying on energy demanding processes such as protein synthesis, DNA replication and
RNA transcription
ATP: The Cellular Energy Currency
Metabolism falls into one of two subtypes: Catabolism & Anabolism
Catabolism – The degradation of fuel molecules which provides energy for cellular
energy-requiring functions (production of ATP); this includes all metabolic reactions that
include large molecules being broken down into smaller ones
Anabolism – All of the cellular energy-releasing biosynthetic pathways; this includes all
metabolic reactions in which small molecules are put together to make larger ones;
anabolic reactions require energy in order to proceed the synthesis of proteins from
amino acids is an example of anabolic process
In metabolic pathway, there are a series of biochemical reaction used to convert the
starting material into an end-product; in our cells, the energy released from oxidation of
the food we eat is used to form a compound called Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Cells use an energy conversion strategy that oxidizes glucose
- Small amounts of energy was released at several points in this pathway
- This energy is harvest and stored in bonds of ATP; ATP = universal energy currency
OR adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine Triphosphate
• Complete combustion of a mole of glucose yields 686 kcal/mol of energy
• Adeosie triphosphate seres as a go-etee oleule that ouples
– Exergonic (energy releasing) catabolism reactions exothermic
– Endergonic (energy requiring) anabolic reactions endothermic
• When 2 phosphate groups react with one another, the product of this reaction is a
phosphoanhydride and a molecule of water is lost during reaction; this
phosphoanhydride is a very high energy bond hence, when it is broken or hydrolyzed,
a large amount of energy is released
• ATP aptures eergy as phosphor-anhydride bonds
• Hydrolysis of the anhydride bonds provides energy for anabolism
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Document Summary
Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in a living organism. Human metabolism is quite remarkable; just as we put gas in our cars to go make it run; we, humans, also need a source of energy in order to think, breath, exercise or work. As we have seen in previous chapters, even the simplest living cells in continually carrying on energy demanding processes such as protein synthesis, dna replication and. Metabolism falls into one of two subtypes: catabolism & anabolism. Catabolism the degradation of fuel molecules which provides energy for cellular energy-requiring functions (production of atp); this includes all metabolic reactions that include large molecules being broken down into smaller ones. Cells use an energy conversion strategy that oxidizes glucose. Small amounts of energy was released at several points in this pathway. This energy is harvest and stored in bonds of atp; atp = universal energy currency.
