[BIO 111] - Final Exam Guide - Everything you need to know! (76 pages long)
Document Summary
Levels of organization: atoms, molecules and macromolecules, cells, tissues, organs, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere. The environment around us will affect our characteristics. Mutations -> stronger ones survive (natural selection: horizontal gene transfer. Taxonomy- grouping of species based on common ancestry. Complete genetic proteins that a cell/organism can make. The genome carries the info to make its proteome. Proteins: responsible for structure & function of cells. People with cf produce abnormally thick and sticky mucus; obstructs the lungs and pancreas. Researchers hypothesize that the cf gene encodes a protein that transports chloride ions (cl-) across the membrane of cells. Defective transporter protein -> salt imbalance -> affects water levels outside the cell. Chapter 2: the chemical basis of life i: atoms, molecules, and water. All living organisms are a collection of atoms and molecules (bonded together) Equal to # of electrons in the atom. Atomic mass: # protons + # neutrons. Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen = 95% of living things.
