PSYCH 5681 Final: FINAL EXAM NOTES (6 chapters)
26 Apr 2018
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PART ONE
Substance-related Disorders.
Perspectives on, Definitions of, and Development of Addiction
Brief film clips of Nora Volkow, Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse
Note parallels to "classic medical illnesses" (e.g., asthma, hypertension, type II diabetes)
Important points:
- Addiction is a disease about lack of control. We receive very strong cultural
messages that addiction is about a moral weakness; this is a part of our cultural
upbringing.
- Dr. Volkow says that addiction co-opts the same brain regions that are
responsible for us to experience pleasure. Drugs like methamphetamine and
cocaine can raise that pleasure center 10x higher than a typical stimulus!
- Dr. Volko sas We have some cases of people who never have a relapse; a few
ill get treatet oe ad eer relapse, ut thats ot the oral state of
affairs. Like a edial odition, for example, cancer.
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Important points:
- We at survive without the primary reward center functioning; we at
survive without dopamine. Dopamine gives you the energy and drive to do
things.
- Eating example: When you are hungry and see food, dopamine is stimulated. By
the third plate of food, you are sick of it and feel aversive towards eating more.
Not so with drugs.
- Drugs example: intense drive to compulsively take the drug
- About 50% of vulnerability to addiction is heritable, and can be more heritable
for certain substances.
o EX: For alcohol not everyone will get addicted, but for heroin everyone
will probably get addicted
The DSM-V Model
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. (DSM-V, American
Psychiatric Association, 2013)
- The DSM-5 devotes a 107-page chapter to substance-related and addictive
disorders
- This chapter specifies the following 40 substance-related and addictive
"disorders"
- Each of these have similar criteria, but they are separate in the DSM because
they are different substances (although there are questions on whether this is
necessary)
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Alcohol-related disorders
- Alcohol use disorder
o Normal people learn from drinking too much and then being hung over,
these people dot lear ad keep doig it
- Alcohol intoxication
- Alcohol withdrawal
- Unspecified alcohol-related disorder
Caffeine-related disorders
- Caffeine intoxication
- Alcohol withdrawal
- Unspecified caffeine-related disorder
Cannabis-related disorders
- Cannabis use disorder
- Cannabis intoxication
- Cannabis withdrawal
- Unspecified cannabis-related disorder
Hallucinogen-related disorders
- Phencyclidine use disorder
- Other hallucinogen use disorder
- Phencyclidine intoxication
- Other hallucinogen intoxication
- Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder
- Unspecified phencyclidine-related disorder
- Unspecified hallucinogen-related disorder
Inhalant-related disorders
- Inhalant use disorder
- Inhalant intoxication
- Unspecified inhalant-related disorder
Opioid-related disorders
- Opioid use disorder
- Opioid intoxication
- Opioid withdrawal
- Unspecified opioid-related disorder
Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic-related disorders
- Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic use disorder
- Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic intoxication
- Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic withdrawal
- Unspecified sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic use disorder
Stimulant-related disorders
- Stimulant use disorder
- Stimulant intoxication
- Stimulant withdrawal
- Unspecified stimulant use disorder
Tobacco-related disorders
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