BIOL 230W Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, Adenylyl Cyclase, Inositol Phosphate
Document Summary
Week 6 material: cell signaling: cell to cell communication can take various forms. Juxtacrine signaling occurs between cells that are in close or direct contact with each other while paracrine signaling occurs between cells over short distances. Cells involved in endocrine signaling communicate over long-distances: a receptor ligand is a molecule that binds to a cell receptor, causing the protein to change its conformation to relay a cell signal. Gaba), cytokines, and growth factors are examples of receptor ligands: not all cellular receptors are found on the membrane. Some cellular receptors for hydrophobic molecules like estrogen that can easily diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer are found inside the cell. Signal transduction key concepts: nonpolar receptors are generally found inside the cell since nonpolar molecules can easily diffuse through the cell"s phospholipid membrane, major changes occurs to a receptor after a ligand binds. Ligand binding induces part of the receptor to change shape.
