BIOSC 0160 Study Guide - Final Guide: Fluorescent Tag, Plasmid, Genetic Recombination

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24 Dec 2017

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Foundations of biology 2 module 2 notes [chapters 17, 18, 20, 21] Genome sequencing involves determining the nucleotide base sequence of the entire genome of an organism. Prokaryotic organism has a single chromosome so the genome sequence is one continuous series of base pairs (bp). Diploid organism the (cid:862)se(cid:395)ue(cid:374)(cid:272)e ge(cid:374)o(cid:373)e(cid:863) usuall(cid:455) (cid:373)ea(cid:374)s the se(cid:395)ue(cid:374)(cid:272)e of all the (cid:271)ases i(cid:374) o(cid:374)e set of autosomes and in each of the two sex chromosomes. Genomes are sequenced in short fragments that are ordered through overlaps. Proposed in 1986 to detect dna damage in people who survived the atomic bomb attacks + exposed to radiation in japan [ww2] Sequenced 22 autosomes + one pair of sex chromosomes. The key to determining gene sequences is to break up long chromosomes into smaller dna fragments and then thousands of fragments are sequenced individually at the same time. Sequencing a gene continuously is just not possible.

Related Questions

The ___ was a massive scientific undertaking meant to identify and sequence all of the genes found In a human cell. This is just one example of ______, the branch of biology that studies whole_____ , which are the complete sets of DNA found within organisms. One of the interesting conclusions from this project was that only about 1.5% of human DNA encodes for_____ . Although it was groundbreaking for its time, it is now fairly routine to completely sequence the DNA of an organism using the ______ method. In this method, the DNA is chopped up with restriction enzymes, the fragments are sequenced, and then they are reassembled into one continuous sequence. Through such analyses, scientists are learning much about human DNA and its relation to other species.

Terms:

proteins

genomics

genomes

genetic engineering

whole-genome shotgun

Human Genome Project

lavendercamel236

Imagine that you are the head of a genome project to analyze the genome of a previously uncharacterized species of a tardigrade. Since this is an imaginary project, you can also imagine that you have as much money as you need, with all of the necessary equipment and qualified and contented colleagues to carry out the analysis. You and members of your lab have recently completed the sequencing of more than 250,000 ESTs or partial transcripts from this species, using many different developmental stages and ages as your source material. You have also been actively sequencing the genome itself so that these ESTs can be located and analyzed, although some of the genome sequence is not yet done.

a. What is a tardigrade and what biological or evolutionary questions might be approached from an analysis of its genome? What arguments would you use to persuade your investors and the grant-awarding agencies that the tardigrade genome project is worth pursuing?

b. What is some of the information you will obtain from genome sequencing that you will not obtain from sequencing ESTs?

c. What is some of the information will you obtain by sequencing ESTs that you will not get from sequencing the genome itself?

d. Describe how you will use the ESTs in combination with the genome sequence to identify protein-coding genes and begin to annotate the genome.

*Genetics- please answer in great detail

Question 11 pts

What is a mutation?

A dangerous alteration in the genes of a living organism.

Any change in the base sequence of an organism's DNA.

Any genetic alteration in an organisms physical appearance.

A broken piece of a DNA molecule.

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Question 21 pts