BCHM 10000 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Protein, Carboxylic Acid, Gene
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
BCHM 10000
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
• What would the cytoplasm look like if you could see it?
– The cytoplasm is crowded with protein and other macromolecules
– Proteins are constantly bumping into other proteins and many of these form
semi-stable complexes
– DNA is constantly associated with proteins
– There is a limited volume through which small molecules can move
To be able to visualize biochemical reactions, it is necessary to have an understanding of scale.
Some important dimension
water (0.3-0.4 nm)
small molecules (metabolites) (1 nm)
bilayer membrane (5 nm thick)
average protein (8 nm diameter)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
ribosome (25 nm)
15,000 per E. coli cell
green light (550 nm
DNA
- 1.4 mm in E. coli
- 1 m in humans
mitochondrion (2000 nm long x 400 nm diameter)
bacterium (3000 nm long x 600 nm diameter)
chloroplast (8000 nm long x 1500 nm diameter)
plant cell (50000 nm diameter)
Inborn errors of metabolism:
●Inborn: of genetic origin
●Errors: genetic defects that lead to defective proteins with an inability to function
normally
●Metabolism: the enzyme-catalyzed reactions that interconvert biochemical substances
●Almost always associated with the accumulation of compounds in the urine, hence suffix
“-uria”
●Most inborn errors of metabolism are in catabolic steps catalyzed by enzymes
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The cytoplasm is crowded with protein and other macromolecules. Proteins are constantly bumping into other proteins and many of these form semi-stable complexes. There is a limited volume through which small molecules can move. To be able to visualize biochemical reactions, it is necessary to have an understanding of scale. Some important dimension water (0. 3-0. 4 nm) small molecules (metabolites) (1 nm) bilayer membrane (5 nm thick) average protein (8 nm diameter) ribosome (25 nm) 15,000 per e. coli cell green light (550 nm. 1 m in humans mitochondrion (2000 nm long x 400 nm diameter) bacterium (3000 nm long x 600 nm diameter) chloroplast (8000 nm long x 1500 nm diameter) plant cell (50000 nm diameter) Errors: genetic defects that lead to defective proteins with an inability to function normally. Metabolism: the enzyme-catalyzed reactions that interconvert biochemical substances. Almost always associated with the accumulation of compounds in the urine, hence suffix.
