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01:119:101 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Thiol, Monosaccharide, Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance

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School
Rutgers University
Department
Biological Science
Course
01:119:101
Professor
prof.burton

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Document Summary

Amino acids are the monomer for proteins. Nucleotides are the monomer for nucleic acids. Two functions of proteins are helping in transport and structure. Two functions of nucleic acids are storing genetic information and communicating genetic information. Two functions of lipids are storing energy and in structure. Proteins are highly variable because there are 20 different amino acids that can be combined in many different orders and lengths to make a single protein. The chemical property of a carboxyl group is acidic. Hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups will dissolve in water, but methyl functional group will not. The class of organic compounds that contain the functional group phosphate are nucleic acids and lipids. The class of organic compounds that contain the functional group amine are proteins and nucleic acids. All classes of organic compounds contain the functional group carbonyl. The class of organic compounds that contain the functional group sulfhydryl is protein.

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Related Questions

11 - Can you distinguish carboxylic acid, amino, and phosphate functional groups?

12- The 4 major types of macromolecules found in living cells are: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.

13- What distinguishes a monomer from a polymer. What are the monomer subunits that are used to produce the different types of macromolecules.

14- What is the general formula for a carbohydrate.

15- What are biologically important kinds of lipids. Why are these molecules important.

16- The monomer building block of a protein is an amino acid. What is the basic structure of an amino acid.

17- A nucleotide (the monomer building block of a nucleic acid) is comprised of a nitrogen base, a pentose (5C) sugar, and at least one phosphate.

18- What is the complete name for the nitrogen bases commonly referred to as A, G , C, T, and U. Which are purines? Which are pyrimidines?

19- What is the significance ATP?

20- Generally speaking, what are the functions of the different types of macromolecules.

1. Which of the following is NOT a key feature of ALL individual cells?

a. The ability to store and transit information using nucleic acids

b. the presence of a plasma membrane

c. The ability to harvest and transform energy from the environment

d. The presence of nucleus

(I choose c and it’s wrong answer)

2. A phosphodiester bond is formed molecule:

a. A fatty acid and a glycerol molecule

b. Two amino acids

c. A 3’ phosphate and a 5’ hydroxyl group

d. A 5’ phosphate and a 3’ hydroxyl group

3. The class of macro molecules that are not composed of repeating structural units:

a. Lipids

b. Carbohydrates

c. Proteins

d. Nucleic acids

1. Use the following definitions and phrases to describe to which molecules of life and their subunits it belongs:

a. Energy-storing molecule, typically water soluble - b. Subunits are called monosaccharides – c. Used to speed chemical reactions - d. Subunits are joined to each other with peptide bonds - e. Most prevalent molecule in cell membranes - f. Some of them function as hormones - g. Used for storing, transmitting, and executing genetic information - h. Subunits are nucleotides

2. Weak hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the many properties of water. Acidity is expressed as pH. Buffers stabilize pH. a. What characteristics of water molecule makes it polar? Provide two examples why this property is important in microbiology. b. What is the role of buffers in living organisms, including microbes? c. What must be added to pure water to decrease OH- and/or H+ concentration, respectively

3. Carbohydrates serve as storage molecules and structural material. Lipids are hydrophobic molecules; phospholipids are main component of cell membranes. Protein has a complex structure based on identity and sequence of amino acids. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are genetic station of storage information and for synthesis of proteins. ATP serve as the main energy source in the living cell. a. Name the subunits (building blocks) of carbs, simple lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids b. What level of protein structure is described as an alpha helix? c. If DNA is placed in boiling water, what and how the molecule would change?