01:830:338 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Sigmund Freud, Stereotype, Saw
12 Oct 2018
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01:830:338
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Lecture 1
• What is Personality
• Allport (1937)
• The dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical
systems that determine his characteristic pattern of behavior, thoughts, and
feelings
• Lewin (1935)
• The momentary condition of the individual and the structure of the
psychological situation
• Murray (1938)
• Personality psychology: the study of human lives and the factors which
influence their course… investigates individual difference
• Textbook — Friedman & Schaustück (2016)
• The scientific study of the psychological forces that make people uniquely
themselves
• The Eight Psychological Perspectives
• Psychoanalytic
• Ego
• Biological
• Behaviorist
• Cognitive
• Trait
• Humanistic
• Interactionist
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
1
Chapter 2:
• General Approach to Research
• Deductive vs. Inductive
• Which comes first, theory (deductive) or data (inductive)
• Deductive: i.e. East coast winters make people smart; survey people
in class to test, maybe test people in California
• Inductive: Grey skies and cold temperatures make us smarter
• Idiographic vs. Nomothetic
• What are you more interested in, rich detail (idiographic) or
generalizability (nomothetic)
• Very detailed; conclusions are not generalized beyond individuals
• Idiographic study: Just study 1 person in depth over time; wouldn’t
know anything about the rest of the class just one person
• Nomothetic study: study lots of people to learn in depth laws and
principles; learn about the general population
• General Approaches to Research: To be Subjective or Objective
• Subjective measures (i.e. essay, narrative)
• Advantage: Rich data → great insight
• Disadvantage: Multiple interpretations (all valid)
• Objective measures (i.e. multiple choice)
• Advantage: Clear data → clear interpretation
• Disadvantage: limited, sterile
• Experimental Design: Does one thing cause another?
• Presumably causal variable (i.e. anxiety) is manipulated to determine its
effect on a second variable (i.e. math performance)
• i.e. Performance should be much worse when people are anxiety
• Randomly assign to two groups; make one group anxious, one calm;
observe performance
• Experimental Design: Pros and Cons
• Advantage: Ability to assess causality
• Disadvantages:
• Cant always be sure exactly what your manipulating (i.e. causing
anxiety or anger)
• Often requires deception (i.e. expulsion)
• Not necessarily reflective of real life (i.e. extreme anxiety vs. no
anxiety?)
• Some things cannot be manipulated, due to ethics or practicality
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Chapter 2: general approach to research, deductive vs. inductive, which comes first, theory (deductive) or data (inductive, deductive: i. e. east coast winters make people smart; survey people in class to test, maybe test people in california. Inductive: grey skies and cold temperatures make us smarter. Idiographic vs. nomothetic: what are you more interested in, rich detail (idiographic) or generalizability (nomothetic, very detailed; conclusions are not generalized beyond individuals. Internal consistency reliability: how well the items on a measure. I have few friends t/f: other report measures (i. e. adhd measures, advantages, extensive information, real-world bias, disadvantage, limited information, error bias, example, 1. 4: sensitive information, systematic and structured, disadvantages, loose, subjective & interviewee-driven, expense, time. Both: compromise formation, ego"s central task, result: conscious thought and behavior, example: anti-porn crusader, ego vs superego, reality vs morality, postpones vs prohibits, pragmatic vs moralistic, theory of psychosexual development. Well-adjusted & balanced: fixation, over or underemphasis, libindinal energy left behind.
