[BIOL 211] - Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (35 pages long!)
Document Summary
Microorganisms (microbes) - organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. Germ: refers to a rapidly growing cell. Produce fermented foods such as vinegar, cheese, and bread. Produce products used in manufacturing (cellulase) and treatment (insulin) Led to aseptic techniques to prevent contamination in medicine and in microbiology laboratories. Carolus linnaeus established the system of scientific nomenclature. Each organism has two names: genus and specific epithet (species name) May be descriptive or honor a scientist. Describes the bacterium"s habitat: the large intestine (colon) Describes the clustered (staphylo-) spherical (cocci) cells. Prokaryotic: genetic material is not enclosed in a membrane. Peptidoglycan - cell walls composed of a carbohydrate and protein. Reproduce by dividing into two equal cells. Eukaryotic: genetic material (dna) surrounded by nuclear membrane. Consists of masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments (hyphae) Live as free entities or as parasites. Parasites: organisms that derive nutrients from living hosts.
