SOC 224 Study Guide - Final Guide: United States Border Patrol, Federal Housing Administration, Bracero Program
SOC 224: Race and Ethnic Relations Exam 3 Review Sheet
Exam 3 will consist of 20 multiple choice and three short essays.
I: The following concepts may be on the exam – you need to know what each of these
terms are referring to, and be able to give an example of each (if applicable).
Johnson-Reed Act (1924) = Legislation that
greatly reduced U.S. immigration from
southern and eastern Europe by introducing
quotas, or limits on the number of people
from these countries who were allowed
entry
1965 Hart-Celler Act = abolished these
quotas in an attempt to remove racist
immigration laws that barred those from
Africa and Asia from immigrating to U.S
Wealth = the sum of a persons’ assets minus
debt
– built up over a lifetime and passed
on to the next generation through
inheritances
– better measure of financial power
than income
– more unevenly distributed
Income = the amount of money brought into
a household from various sources during a
given period
Net Worth = the wealthiest 1% own 38% of
all net worth; the bottom 80% control only
17%
Social Mobility = the movement of
individuals, families, households, or other
categories of people within or between
layers or tiers in an open system
of social stratification
FHA = (Federal Housing Administration)
limits on where one could purchase a home
– would only write mortgages in white
neighborhoods
Residential Segregation = the separation of
different groups of people into distinct
neighborhoods
Hypersegregation = instances of notably
high levels of segregation
– blacks tend to reside in
neighborhoods that are characterized
by all the indices of racial
segregation (unevenness, isolation,
clustered, centralized), leading to an
American version of racial apartheid
Gentrification = a process of neighborhood
change with more affluent and white
residential settlement in a previously
working class or poor neighborhoods (of any
race)
– does not occur the same way
everywhere
– may cause race and class
resegregation and displacement of
vulnerable populations, including the
“first wave” gentrifiers
Hypergentrification = the increasing
valorization of neighborhoods through
corporate (top-down) development, often
done without neighborhood stakeholder
input
– has made many core cities
unaffordable to the non-elite
1968 Fair Housing Act = prohibited
discrimination concerning the sale, rental
and financing of housing based on race,
religion, national origin and sex
Index of Dissimilarity = measure of racial
segregation that measures the evenness of
two or more racial groups within a
geographic area (usually by looking at
census tracts or blocks)
– most racially segregated
geographic region would have an
index of dissimilarity of 100, the
least 0
Isolation Index = measure that compares a
neighborhood’s demographics against
citywide demographics
– group that is the most dispersed
would have an index of 0, the most
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concentrated would have an index of
100
White Flight = the process of white
migration from racially mixed urban areas to
more racially homogenous suburban or
exurban areas
Blockbusting = the practice of persuading
owners to sell property cheaply because of
the fear of people of another race or class
moving into the neighborhood, and thus
profiting by reselling at a higher price
Redlining = who is living in that
neighborhood to base mortgage on
Steering = a practice by which real estate
agents show homes in white neighborhoods
only to whites and homes in black
neighborhood only to blacks
Racially Restrictive Covenants = contractual
agreements that prevent the sale or lease of
property within an area to non-whites
Subprime Loans = high-interest loan to
someone at high-risk of defaulting
Japanese Internment =
Code Talkers =
The Holocaust =
Tuskegee Airmen =
Immigration =
– In-migration of persons to a
country other than that of their place
of birth
– Return migration of nationals to
their home country
– Out-migration of nations from their
home country
– Out-migration of foreigners from a
foreign country from which they had
immigrated to
Undocumented Immigrants = he or she is a
foreign-born person who doesn’t have a
legal right to be or remain in the United
States
Racial Profiling = the use of race or
ethnicity as grounds for suspension
Nativism = the presumed superiority of
native-born citizens, favoring the allocation
of resources to them over immigrants and
promoting fear of foreign cultures
Naturalization – the process whereby people
become citizens of a country where they do
not have birthright citizenship
Legal Permanent Resident = a foreign
national who is granted the right to remain
in the U.S. and who will be eligible for
naturalization after a period of 3-5 years
Bracero Program = a U.S. government
program that brought in temporary workers
from Mexico between 1942-1964
Operation Wetback = massive roundups of
Mexicans by the U.S. border Patrol from
1950-1954
McCarron Internal Security Act = a 1950
U.S. law designed to combat Communism
– required members of the
Communist Party in the U.S. to
register with the federal government
– allowed for the deportation of
foreign nationals who were members
of the Communist Party
1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act
= a series of immigration provisions that
(1) offered a legalization option for
undocumented workers living in
the U.S. and
(2) imposed sanctions on employers
who hired undocumented
workers
– Consequences of Act:
-Temporary workers
encouraged to stay in U.S.
and bring families
- Industry of false
documentation grew
1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and
Immigrant Responsibility Act = created a
stipulation for mandatory deportation for
certain crimes and could be retroactive, even
for legal permanent residents
California Proposition 187 (1974) =
California ballot initiative to deny social
services and educational opportunities for
undocumented
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Document Summary
Soc 224: race and ethnic relations exam 3 review sheet. Exam 3 will consist of 20 multiple choice and three short essays. The following concepts may be on the exam you need to know what each of these terms are referring to, and be able to give an example of each (if applicable). Johnson-reed act (1924) = legislation that greatly reduced u. s. immigration from southern and eastern europe by introducing quotas, or limits on the number of people from these countries who were allowed entry. 1965 hart-celler act = abolished these quotas in an attempt to remove racist immigration laws that barred those from. Wealth = the sum of a persons" assets minus debt. Built up over a lifetime and passed on to the next generation through inheritances. Better measure of financial power than income. Income = the amount of money brought into a household from various sources during a given period.
