BIOL 031 Study Guide - Spring 2019, Comprehensive Final Exam Notes - Xylem, Pollen, Ploidy
1 Apr 2019
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Causes of evolution: natural selection organisms less suited for the environment, mutation error in dna replication, genetic drift environmental tragedy, gene flow migration. Natural selection: overproduction of individuals, variation in the population, variation is heritable, adaptive advantage (survival, reproduction of those who survive. Hardy weinberg equilibrium: equilibrium = population is not evolving, equation used to predict genotype frequencies in population in the next generation using observed values, allows us to determine specific genes. Conditions (pop. not evolving): no mutations, random mating, no natural selection, vary large population size, no gene flow. Aa + aa +aa = 1 p2 + 2pq +q2 = 1. A + a = 1 p + q = 1. Sum of frequencies will always be = 1. Sample problems: p = dominant genotype q = recessive genotype. Frequencies: if there are 100 individuals in the population, how many a alleles are. 73 individual aa = 73*2 = 146 a alleles.
