BIO 202 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Citric Acid Cycle, Acetyl-Coa, Atp Synthase
15 Jan 2017
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Metabolism - totalit(cid:455) of a(cid:374) orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)(cid:859)s (cid:272)he(cid:373)i(cid:272)al rea(cid:272)tio(cid:374)s. Metabolic pathway begins with a specific molecule (reactant, substrate) and ends with a product. Potential energy stored: location/ structure, chemical, nuclear. Kinetic energy energy of movement: electrons, atoms, molecules. First law energy is constant; energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed: chemical energy electrical energy. Second law every transfer of energy = increase in entropy. Spontaneous reactants have more potential energy (more ordered) than products. Exergonic (energy outward) energy release; spontaneous: g < 0. Endergonic (energy inward) energy absorb; not spontaneous: g > 0. Most widely used energy storage molecule among organisms. High potential energy - exhibits a large decrease in free energy when it undergoes hydrolytic reactions. Coupling atp w/ glutamine synthesis energy from exergonic reaction of atp hydrolysis drives an endergonic reaction; the coupled reactions are exergonic. Atp is synthesized using energy from photosynthesis or respiration.
