BIO 315 Study Guide - Comprehensive Final Exam Guide - Protein, Gene, Dna
Document Summary
Microbiology- how microbes interact with humans/food and are used to our advantage. Ecology depends on bacteria; history of life on earth is the history of microbes (been here for a long time) Equilibrium means death, homeostasis is steady and stable state that is far from equilibrium (chemical reaction does not occur- for(cid:449)ard a(cid:374)d re(cid:448)erse r(cid:454)(cid:374) (cid:374)o (cid:272)ha(cid:374)ge(cid:895); (cid:271)a(cid:272)teria"s (cid:373)ai(cid:374) goal is to innately replicate and organize. Genetic code is universal (aug)- mechanics were discovered in bacteria- easy to manipulate and grow. Macromolecules needed for life: polypeptides (structural idea, while protein is functional idea when poly folds right- *enzymes facilitate chemical rxn that would not normally happen under certain conditions- rna polymerase makes mrna from dna), nucleotides, lipids, carbohydrate. Plasma membrane composition same between bacteria and humans (not archaea)- mem proteins are glycosylated (attached sugar) that is antigenic- some bacteria have two membranes- macromolecules (missing nucleotides- dna store and rna express info- rna short lived)
