PSY 103 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Cognitive Dissonance, Fundamental Attribution Error, Pluralistic Ignorance
9 Aug 2018
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Ch. 13 Social Psychology
● Morality arbitrary rules, intentions not results, obtained through a series of stages
● Kohlberg psychologist who supposed the idea of morality, normally make decisions fast
than reason, seek justice and avoid harming others
● Altruistic behavior helping others without a benefit for ourselves, increases as we age
○ Ex: the 2 chimps in a cage, one fed prior but still help other chimp pull in a heavy
crate with food for it
● Bystander apathy more people around, each are less likely to intervene because feel less
responsible/ directly related to incident
● Pluralistic ignorance situation in which people say nothing and assume others have a
better informed opinion
● People are more likely to join in and help once an initial person does
● Social loafing tendency to work less hard when sharing work with other people
● Frustration aggression hypothesis main cause of anger and aggression is frustration, an
obstacle that stands in the way of doing something/ obtaining something
● Self perception and control process of learning about others and making inferences
● Primary effect first impressions, more impactful than information learned later on
● Self fulfilling properties expectations that increase probability of a predicted event
● Attribution set of thought processes we use to assign causes to our own behaviors and
behaviors of others around us
● Internal explanations based on someone's attitude, traits, and abilities
● external based on environment
● Actor observer effect people are more likely to use external to explain own downfalls,
and internal for others not succeeding
● Correspondence bias (Fundamental attribution error) tendency to assume a strong
similarity between someone’s current actions and their dispositions, vary by culture
● Self serving bias attributes that we adapt to maximize credit for success and minimize
credit for failure
● Self handicapping strategies protect ourselves, put self at disadvantage to have excuse for
failure
Document Summary
Morality arbitrary rules, intentions not results, obtained through a series of stages. Kohlberg psychologist who supposed the idea of morality, normally make decisions fast than reason, seek justice and avoid harming others. Altruistic behavior helping others without a benefit for ourselves, increases as we age. Ex: the 2 chimps in a cage, one fed prior but still help other chimp pull in a heavy crate with food for it. Bystander apathy more people around, each are less likely to intervene because feel less responsible/ directly related to incident. Pluralistic ignorance situation in which people say nothing and assume others have a better informed opinion. People are more likely to join in and help once an initial person does. Social loafing tendency to work less hard when sharing work with other people. Frustration aggression hypothesis main cause of anger and aggression is frustration, an obstacle that stands in the way of doing something/ obtaining something.
