[BSC 114] - Final Exam Guide - Everything you need to know! (35 pages long)

• School: University of Alabama
• Department: Biological Sciences
• Course: BSC 114
• Professor: Daryl W.Lam

Document Summary

Compound: two or more elements in a fixed ratio. Essential elements: 96%- carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen 4%-phosphorus, sulfur. Trace elements: need a minute amount (ex, goiter-thyroid and iodine) Isotopes: same # of protons, different # of neutrons. Energy: capacity to cause change by doing work. Water is less dense as a solid than liquid. Polar bonds: one atom is more electronegative, pulled to one side more: solvent (dissolve, high specific heat, cohesion and adhesion (plants get water, surface tension, variable ph, dissociation/ionization (break apart, polar: uneven distribution of charges. Cohesion: how water molecules connect to each other. Buffers: resist change in ph ph scale: 0-7 acidic 7-neutral 7-14 basic organic chemistry: study of carbon compounds acids: more h+ bases: less h+, more oh- Isomer: same # of atoms of same element but different structures (structural, cis trans, enantiomers) Enantiomers: mirror images of each other (right and left hand) Cis trans: geometric isomers, differ in spatial arrangement.