PHL 104 Study Guide - Spring 2019, Comprehensive Final Exam Notes - Olivia Dunham, Fallacy, Arico
Document Summary
What can we do: research seems to show that we can improve students" ability to reason well and solve problems in ways that transcend any particular context. In order to generate improved thinking and problem solving, it needs to be explicitly taught. Critical thinking: critical thinking the use of those cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a designated outcome. It is purposeful, reasonable, and goal oriented: best contrasted through looking at non-critical thinking, contrasting critical and non-critical thinking, directed/controlled vs. non-directed/automatic, effortful vs intuitive, slow and deliberate vs fast and reflexive. Just because someone has authority over you in one way doesn"t mean they are an expert in all aspects: watch out what qualifies someone as an expert. Three heuristics continued: anchoring and adjusting heuristic, assumes that the first piece of information is the best or most significant, which in most cases, is usually true.
