BSCI 222 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Chromosome, Thomas May, Y Chromosome
4 Jan 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
The two major kinds of dna most commonly used to reconstruct direct ancestral lineages are mitochondrial dna and y- chromosome dna: describe these kinds of dna, their role in organismal function, Mothers pass mtdna to their daughters and sons. It is found in the cytoplasm of the mitochondria which is also referred to as powerhouse of cell for energy production. mtdna is very similar to mitochondria in the dna in present day bacteria. Mitochondria in sperm are destroyed during fertilization which results in zygote carrying only maternal mtdna. * mitochondria are organelles in every eukaryotic cells- cells other than bacteria. Mitochondria contain enzymes and other proteins that produce large numbers of atp molecules. Atp is used as a source of energy in eukaryotic cells. Mtdna has one circular chromosome made of 16000 base pairs and 37 genes. It has no homologous chromosomes, but there are mutations. Y chromosome dna is passed from father to son.
