GEOG 473 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Microsoft Access, Arcgis, Empty Set
6 Jun 2018
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GEOG 473 Midterm Review
I. GIS and Spatial Analysis
A. A Crash Course in what GIS is
• As a tool: GIS is a computer-based system to aid in the collection, maintenance,
storage, analysis, output, and distribution of spatial data
• As a science: Geographic Information Science studies the fundamental issues
arising from the creation, handling, storage, and use of geographic information
B. Spatial Analysis
• Definition: the process of investigating the patterns that arises as a result of processes that
may be operating in space (It’s particularly concerned with problems that have an explicit
spatial context, and frequently data at one location is not independent of data at other
locations)
• Its purpose is to not nearly identify patterns, but to construct models, if possible by
gaining an understanding of process.
1. What it can be based on?
• Ontology: raster vs. vector
• Data types: point, line, network, area, surface
• Analytical methods
• Spatial range
C. Spatial Relationships
• Location by itself is not very interesting. The power of location comes not from
location itself, but from the linkages or relationships that it establishes
• Co-location
• Spatial context
• Distance, direction, and spatial weight matrix
• Spatial heterogeneity
• Spatial dependence
II. Database Design
• Different datasets are stored in different formats and can be accessed, managed, and
queried using a particular program
1. Problem with file processing
• Redundancy
• Inconsistency
• Difficulty in organizing and accessing data depending on each dataset’s method
• Data isolation
• Atomicity: Data processing must happen in its entirety or not at all
A. Databases
• Definition: a collection of organized, interrelated data that together model a real
world phenomenon (Spatial databases contain spatial data for a particular area
• Database management system (DBMS): consists of a set of computer programs to
manage and access data.
• Relational DBMS: Data is represented and stored as a set of tables
• Object DBMS: data are represented and stored as an object
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Document Summary
The power of location comes not from location itself, but from the linkages or relationships that it establishes: co-location, spatial context, distance, direction, and spatial weight matrix, spatial heterogeneity, spatial dependence. Database design: different datasets are stored in different formats and can be accessed, managed, and. Ii. queried using a particular program: problem with file processing, redundancy. Topological models are easy to implement but data retrieval is slow: entity-relationship model (er diagram) It expresses the logical structure of a database: rectangles for entities, diamonds for relationships, ellipses for attributes. Lines can link them together: joins can occur if two entities have the same attribute with the same data type, geodatabases, file geodatabases: databases stored as folders in a file system. Each data set can store up to 1 tb in size: personal geodatabases are stored in microsoft access and can store up to 2.
