BIL 150 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - X-Ray, Water Balance, Water
BIL 150
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Test I
Unit I
Chapter 1: Thinking Science
- Science- an approach of understanding the natural world
- Inquiry- a search for information and explanations of natural phenomena
- Scientific method:
- Making observations
- Use of microscopes, thermometers and other instruments
- Data- recorded observations (can be qualitative or quantitative)
- Analyzed using statistics
- Forming logical, testable explanations
- Testing the hypothesis
- An explanation based on observations and assumptions that lead to a
testable prediction
Experiment
- Scientific test carried out under controlled conditions
Theory
- A hypothesis becomes a theory following lots of testing all of which fail to disprove the
hypothesis
- A very robust hypothesis
Scientific Reasoning
- Two categories
- Inductive reasoning
- Unification of facts:
- inductive reasoning
involves the gathering of observations and hypotheses
into a unifying whole, Darwin’s theory of evolution
- Synthesis:
- Build up of a different
whole from smaller parts, “Modern Evolutionary
Synthesis”
- Deductive
reasoning
- IF...THEN
reasoning
- Use your
experience, consider the
problem, and try to explain it,
form a hypothesis, use
hypothesis to make predictions,
test it, FALSIFY, general to
specific
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
- Typically applied in testing hypotheses and designing experiments
Controlled Experiments
- Compares experimental group w control group
- Ideally, only variable of interest differs
- Control groups cancel the effects of unwanted variables
- Does NOT mean that all unwanted variables are kept constant
- Experimental variables- those being varied
- Independent variables- the factor being manipulated by the researchers
- Dependent variables- the factor being measured tha is predicted to be affected by the IV
Sally Clark
- Lost two babies to scids
Properties of life
- Organization-
- Reductionism- this method is so named because it reduces big complex systems
into simpler components.
- Watson and crick- DNA structure led to bio inheritance
- Emergent properties- arrangement of parts as complexity
increases
- Systems biology- the exploration of a biological system by analyzing the
interactions amongst its parts
- The cell theory- all living organism are made of cells (the basic unit of
life)
- Prokaryotes- single celled microorganisms
- Bacteria and archaea, no nucleus or organelle enclosure
membrane
- Eukaryotes- multi celled organisms
- Inside a membrane
- Animals, they all have a nucleus
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Use of microscopes, thermometers and other instruments. Data- recorded observations (can be qualitative or quantitative) An explanation based on observations and assumptions that lead to a. Scientific test carried out under controlled conditions. A hypothesis becomes a theory following lots of testing all of which fail to disprove the hypothesis. Unification of facts: inductive reasoning involves the gathering of observations and hypotheses into a unifying whole, darwin"s theory of evolution. Build up of a different whole from smaller parts, modern evolutionary. Use your experience, consider the problem, and try to explain it, form a hypothesis, use hypothesis to make predictions, test it, falsify, general to specific. Typically applied in testing hypotheses and designing experiments. Control groups cancel the effects of unwanted variables. Does not mean that all unwanted variables are kept constant. Reductionism- this method is so named because it reduces big complex systems into simpler components. Watson and crick- dna structure led to bio inheritance.
