SOC 214 Study Guide - Final Guide: Penal Labour, Cruel Hand, Baldus De Ubaldis
7 May 2018
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SOC 214 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
❖ Extra credit assignment:
➢ Given 4 out of 7 years
■ How many people in prison during those 4 years
● 1970: 357,292
● 1980: 513,900
● 1985: 759,100
● 1990: 1,179,200
● 2000: 2,015,300
● 2014: 2,306,200
❖ Court cases in exam:
➢ Ruffin v. Commonwealth
■ 1871
■ Virginia Supreme Court stated that the inmate was a “slave of the
state,” with only those rights given to him by the state
➢ Brown v. Board of Education
■ 1952-1954
■ Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for
black and white students to be unconstitutional
➢ Terry v. Ohio
■ 1968→ reasonable suspicion
■ the Fourth Amendment prohibition on unreasonable searches and
seizures is not violated when a police officer stops a suspect on the
street and frisks him or her without probable cause to arrest, if the
police officer has a reasonable suspicion that the person has
committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime and has a
reasonable belief that the person "may be armed and presently
dangerous.
➢ Whren v. US
■ 1996
■ The courts allowed police officers to use minor traffic violations to
conduct drug searches and investigations. Police officers saw blank
and his friend Brown saw at a stop sign for a strange length of time
and then without signaling they turned and sped away. Police
pulled him over and he had crack visible. Defense said it was an
illegal search and stop. There was no reasonable suspicion or
probable cause (the cops said they thought they would have
drugs). Supreme court determined that if a minor traffic violation
was identified officers can use that to search a car.
➢ McClesky v. Kemp
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
■ 1987
■ Black man convicted of murdering a police officer and was
sentenced to death. He argued that there was racial biased in the
sentencing in Georgia. The supreme court says that each case is
handled separately and they need proof to his case not all cases.
There is proof of racial biased in sentencing court said you needed
conscious proof that someone is racist.
■ Baldus Study (Georgia and death penalty) Black killed White- 11
times more likely to be put to death then if they killed a black- 70%
of all cases got capital punishment
■ White killed Black- 19% of all murder cases got capital punishment
➢ Purkett v. Elm
■ 1995
■ Supreme court ruled that prosecutors had the ability to strike any
juror for ANY reason as long as it was supposedly not based on
race. But the fact that they can use any reason, such as someone’s
hair length obviously allows for racial thinking to take place.
❖ Week 9: 9 questions from this week
➢ Difference between bias and stereotypes
■ a bias is a personal preference, like or dislike, especially when the
tendency interferes with the ability to be impartial, unprejudiced, or
objective
■ a stereotype is a preconceived idea that attributes certain
characteristics to all the members of class or set
➢ 3 forms of social control
■ How was slavery a form of social control
● Free labour
● Land and plantations needed cheap labour
● International slaves? European vs. african
● Prevented lower class whites and blacks forming an alliance
■ How was it dismantled
● Civil war
● 13th amendment:
◆ Abolish slavery
● Civil rights act of 1866
◆ Full citizenship
● 14th amendment
◆ Due process
◆ Equal protection for all citizens
● 15th amendment
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
◆ Denied right to vote by raceà stopping this
● KKK acts
◆ Made it illegal to take away anyone’s rights
■ How was Jim Crow a form of social control
● Whites and blacks separatedà segregation
● Illegal for them not to work- vagrancy laws
● Emerged after Lincoln’s proclamation
● New vagrancy laws vigorously enforced
● Convicts were “legally” enslaved
◆ 13th amendmentà Ruffin vs. Commonwealth in a state
of penal servitude
■ How was it dismantled
● Grounding board of education
● Civil rights movement
● WWII
● Hitler
◆ “blatant contradiction”
● Various court cases such as Brown vs. Board of education
■ How was mass incarceration a form of social control
● War on Drugs
● Shift from “segregation forever” to “law and order”
● Who was responsible for disadvantages?
● Fear mongering, rhetoric, imagery, led to war on drugs
● Huge negative social impact
● 5% of world’s population
● 25% of world’s prison population
● $2 billion cost for taxpayers
■ Next form of social control:
● Parole, probation
❖ Week 10: The Lockdown
➢ 2 myths:
■ Arrest the drug kingpins!
● 2016: 1,186,810 arrests for drug law violations
◆ 84.7% (1,004,762)= possession of a controlled
substance
◆ 15.3% (182,048)= sale or manufacturing of a drug
● UCR: Uniform Crime Report
■ Concern with dangerous drugs
● 1990s- 80% arrests for marijuana possession
● 2016: 1,004,762 arrests for possession
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
How many people in prison during those 4 years. Virginia supreme court stated that the inmate was a slave of the state, with only those rights given to him by the state. Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. Week 9: 9 questions from this week. A bias is a personal preference, like or dislike, especially when the tendency interferes with the ability to be impartial, unprejudiced, or objective. A stereotype is a preconceived idea that attributes certain characteristics to all the members of class or set. How was slavery a form of social control. Prevented lower class whites and blacks forming an alliance. Denied right to vote by race stopping this. Made it illegal to take away anyone"s rights. How was jim crow a form of social control. Illegal for them not to work- vagrancy laws. 13th amendment ruffin vs. commonwealth in a state of penal servitude.
