PHL 101 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Base Rate Fallacy, Cosmological Argument, Deductive Reasoning

• School: University of Rochester
• Department: Philosophy
• Course: PHL 101
• Professor: Hayley Clatterbuck

Document Summary

Deductive soundness: a deductive argument is sound if and only if it is deductively valid, and all of its premises are actually true. Inductive validity: an argument is inductively valid iff if the premises are true, then the conclusion is probably true; in other words, the premises make the conclusion likely to be true. Inductive soundness: an inductive argument is sound if and only if it is inductively valid, and all of its premises are actually true. A priori propositions: we can know to be true or false through reason alone. A posteriori propositions: we cannot know to be true or false through reason alone; we need experience; hume: if you could imagine being false, then it is a posteriori. Begging the question: the logical fallacy of assuming (explicitly or implicitly) of what you are trying to prove is true in the propositions.