B STR 301 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Rectus Femoris Muscle, Subscapularis Muscle, Cervical Vertebrae
27 Jun 2018
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WEEK 3 OBJECTIVES – MIDTERM 2 (NURS 301) CH 10, 11, 12 HELEN KIM
1. Describe the 3 types of muscle tissue:
-Skeletal: attached to the bones
oStriated
oOverlapping arrangement of contractile proteins
oMultinucleated myofibers
Located next to the muscle cells
oVoluntary activation (we decide when to contract)
-Cardiac: heart
oStriated
oSingle nucleus
oInterconnected
oInvoluntary
-Smooth: internal hollow organs except for the heart
oNon-striated
oFusiform cells – myocyte
Each myocyte only has one nucleus
Located in the middle of the cell
oInvoluntary function
2. List the functions of muscle tissue and the properties it must
have to carry out these functions.
-MOVEMENT
oMovement of individual parts of the body
Exercise
oMoving from one place to another place
Walking
oMovement of body contents
Breathing
Blood circulation
oCommunication
Speech
Writing
Nonverbal body language
-STABILITY
oMaintaining posture
oStabilizing joints
-HEAT PRODUCTION
oSkeletal muscles produce as much as 85% of total body heat
-CONTROL OF BODY OPENINGS AND PASSAGES
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find more resources at oneclass.com
WEEK 3 OBJECTIVES – MIDTERM 2 (NURS 301) CH 10, 11, 12 HELEN KIM
3. Draw, label, and describe the connective tissue structure of a
muscle using the following terms:
-Endomysium: connective tissue that surrounds each muscle cell
-Perimysium (3): thick connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle
oHolds nerves and blood vessels
-Epimysium (2): fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle fiber
-Fascia (1): sheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring muscles
-Tendon:
4. Describe how muscle attaches to bone.
-Direct attachment: little separation of muscle and bone
oMuscular tissue seems to emerge directly from the bone
oEx. biceps
oMUSCLE DIRECTLY TO BONE
-Indirect attachment: attachment of muscle to bone through tendon
oEx. Achilles tendon
oMUSCLE TO TENDON TO BONE
o(IS THIS FOR INDIRECT ATTACHMENT OR DIRECT ATTACHMENT???) Collagen
fibers of the muscle continue into the tendon periosteum
Creates very strong structurally continuity from muscle to bone
5. Describe the ultrastructure of muscle fibers then explain how
this structure relates to muscle contraction.
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6. Describe how nerves interact with muscle.
-Neuromuscular Junction:
oAction potential presynaptic terminal
oCause voltage gated CALCIUM channels to OPEN
oCalcium ions enter the presynaptic terminal
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find more resources at oneclass.com
WEEK 3 OBJECTIVES – MIDTERM 2 (NURS 301) CH 10, 11, 12 HELEN KIM
Cause vesicles (in the presynaptic terminal) to release
neurotransmitters (ACETYLCHOLINE) into the presynaptic cleft
oAcetylcholine binds to the receptors of ligand gated ion channels
Channels open so more sodium ions go into the muscle cell
DEPOLARIZATION OF THE POST SYNAPTIC MEMBRANE
Once threshold has been reached postsynaptic action
potential generated
Send throughout the cell membrane
oAcetylcholinesterase rapidly breaks down Acetylcholine to acetic acid and
choline in synaptic cleft
Choline reabsorbed by presynaptic terminal
Combines with acetic acid (inside the presynaptic terminal) to form
more Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine then enters the synaptic vesicles
7. Define motor unit and describe the physiological advantages of
having variable sizes of motor units.
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8. Describe the following types of movement:
-Flexion / extension / hyperextension
-Abduction / adduction
-Supination / pronation
-Elevation / depression
-Medial and lateral rotation
-Circumduction
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Helen kim: describe the 3 types of muscle tissue: Skeletal: attached to the bones: striated, overlapping arrangement of contractile proteins, multinucleated myofibers. Located next to the muscle cells: voluntary activation (we decide when to contract) Cardiac: heart: striated, single nucleus, interconnected, involuntary. Smooth: internal hollow organs except for the heart: non-striated, fusiform cells myocyte. Located in the middle of the cell: involuntary function, list the functions of muscle tissue and the properties it must have to carry out these functions. Movement: movement of individual parts of the body. Exercise: moving from one place to another place. Heat production: skeletal muscles produce as much as 85% of total body heat. Helen kim: draw, label, and describe the connective tissue structure of a muscle using the following terms: Endomysium: connective tissue that surrounds each muscle cell. Perimysium (3): thick connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle: holds nerves and blood vessels. Epimysium (2): fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle fiber.
