[CHEM 145] - Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (25 pages long!)

254 views25 pages

indigobeaver937

5 Oct 2016

School

Department

Chemistry

Course

CHEM 145

Professor

J O S H U A C H A R L E S V A U G H A N

For unlimited access to Study Guides, a Grade+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Chem 145 chapter 3 chemical bonding: the classic description. Compounds that have the same molecular formulas but different molecular structures are called isomers. Chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of the atomic number. 8 groups of representative elements + 10 groups of transition metal elements + rare- earth or lanthanide elements z from 57 to 71 (including those num. s) + actinide elements z from 89 to 103 (same) Alkali metals: soft metals, low melting points, react violently with water to release hydrogen (k, rb, cs set hydrogen on fire with energy released) Bromine in liquid at room temp. and iodine is solid. Alkali metal combined with a halogen is alkali halide. Boron in metalloid, while rest of iiia is metal. Tin and lead (iva) are metals with low melting points. Silicon and ge are metalloids, semiconductors: they form the base of modern semiconductor industry, manufacturing computer chips.

Related Questions

please I need help with questions

Write about blancing chemical equations using linear algebra

Topic: Balancing chemical equations

https://www.wikihow.com/Balance-Chemical-Equations-Using-Linear-Algebra

Paper Specifications:

The writing component is minimally a five-page single space paper in size 12 font. The paper is expected to be written clearly and be free of grammatical mistakes in either the APA or IEEE format. The paper must include:

An abstract that gives a clear, concise description of the paper in less than 100 words. â¨

At least two pages that serve as an introduction to topic being discussed. Included in this introduction should be precise definitions and examples to help clarify any new concepts. The audience for this paper will be your peers, so make sure you write at an appropriate level. â¨

A few problems/examples completed and clearly written up. Make sure that you work a number of your own examples and don't just follow examples provided in your sources. The solutions need not be shown in there entirely, but must include a few key steps as well as an explanation of what the computation means. â¨

At least one additional (and interesting) application or example of this topic that was not found within the textbook. Be sure to cite youâre outside source using APA or IEEE style in your paper. â¨

A work cited page in either APA or IEEE style that is absence of questionable/inappropriate sources. â¨

Criteria

Introduction

*well developed; thoroughly explains the problem/process

*process clearly presented with lots of mathematical examples & reasoning

*needed definitions/ theorems are given

*fairly well developed

*informs the reader of problem/process

*process clearly presented

with mathematical support

*little development

*minimal information about problem/process

*process not clearly

presented and has little mathematical support

*little written

*confusing or inaccurate

*not all needed definitions/theorems given

Mathematical

Details

*proper mathematical reasoning employed & explained

*key steps shown with an appropriate level of detail

*lots of mathematical terminology correctly used

*some specific mathematical details that adequately explain

*most key steps are included

with a few unnecessary computations

*mathematical terminology used correctly

*either wrong or irrelevant details given

*too many confusing computations & steps provided

*some mathematical

terminology, but not used correctly

*no details given

*no mathematical terminology

Writing Organization & Style

*clearly organized throughout

*clearly guides the reader through the process using words such as âfirstâ, ârecallâ

*transitions given between paragraphs

*organized most of the way through

*usually guides the reader through the process

*some transitions given between paragraphs

*little organization

*often does not guide the reader

*no organization evident

*does not guide the reader

Citations

*complete bibliography correctly formatted with reputable sources

*references appropriately made throughout the paper

*bibliography included with appropriate sources but not correct formatting

*sources referenced

*bibliography includes sources that are not

appropriate

*sparse references without proper APA or IEEE format

*bibliography not included

*no sources are references in the text

Completeness, Citations & Form

*abstract is clear, concise, and less than 100 words

*name & reference figures,

tables and equations

*all paper specifications are thoroughly satisfied

*abstract is is clear but does not accurately represent the paper

*many references to tables,

figures, etc were understandable

*paper specifications met

*abstract is not clear & does not represent the paper

*internal references made in

the paper to tables, etc

*most paper specifications are met

*abstract is poorly written and does not accurately represent the paper

*tables, equations, figures, or paragraph formatting was confusing

*not all paper specifications

were met

please help me with this lab.

Ethanol Production

(Thermal Energy Conservation)

Lab Objective

Through this lab exercise, the principle of conservation of charge will be demonstrated using an adopted problem-solving methodology and a simple Matlab exercise.

Materials

Matlab 2007 or higher

Lab Assignment

Introduction

GASBUGS INC. is actually a division of a much larger alternate, fuel-generating corporation known as BIOFUELS INTERNATIONAL. One thing this company produces is ethanol (C₂H₆O) from an industrial process that uses a type of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The elemental formula of S. cerevisiae is CH_1.83 O_0.56 N_0.17 and it has a heat of combustion of approximately -21.2 kJ/g. In their batch process, .25lb_mNH₃ and 5.0lb_m glucose are combined with the yeast at 25^oC. After the reaction goes to completion (at least one of the starting reactants is used up), 1. 4 lb_m of ethanol is produced. The unbalanced reaction for this process is:

C₂H₆O (s) + NH₃ (g) â C₃H₈O₃ (l) + C₂H₆O (l) + CH_1.83 O_0.56 N_{0.17 +} CO₂(g) + H₂O (l)

Note: 1 mol of glucose produces .5 mole glycerol (C₃H₈O₃₎ and that the ration of NH₃ to H₂O is 1:1.

You are told that it is likely that too much glucose is being added in the batch reactor process. It is your goal as the production engineering support specialist working for BIOFUELS INTERNATIONAL to model this scenario to determine how much unnecessary glucose is being added to reduce waste and cost.

Procedure

Follow the 4 steps of methodology for solving problems on pp. 44â46 of your textbook to set up the model.

Using MATLAB, create a plot that demonstrates the impact on ethanol production as the amount of glucose in the reactor varies from 1.0 lb_m to 10 lb_m.

Questions

How much excess glucose was being added to the reactor?

What is the ideal amount needed?

How much heat was produced and subsequently removed from the system?

Interpret the Matlab plot produced.

1.8 Methodology for Solving Engineering Problems. page 44-46. four steps.

Developing a pattern or methodology for solving engineering problems is important for consistency and thoroughness. The application of accounting and/conservation equations (discussed in Chapters 2â6) should be carried out in an organized manner; this makes the solution easy to follow, check, and be used by others. As a new engineer, you may find going through these many steps tedious and excessive for seemingly simple problems. However, when the level of difficulty increases, having a method or process to fall back on will be invaluable. Experienced engineers use most of the steps below when solving real-world problems.

The methodology laid out here or one similar to it should be used to solve problems throughout your career. The method outlined below is a general guide of the steps that will be followed to solve problems in Chapters 3â6 of this book, and as in real-world problems, only steps applicable to the problem should be performed. Other methodologies for solving problems are also valid; the critical issue is that you develop a thorough method and implement it regularly. As you mature as an engineer, it is appropriate that you develop your own problem-solving method.

1. Assemble. Information regarding the problem, including a picture, should be assembled and rewritten.

(a) The objective of the problem or the answer that you are seeking to findshould be clearly stated. This is often written as: Find: the flow rate ...

(b) Draw a diagram showing all relevant information. Often a simple box diagram showing all components entering and leaving the system allows information to be summarized in a convenient way. The system, surroundings, and system boundary should be drawn and labeled. When possible, all known quantitative information should be shown on the diagram.

(c) Set up a calculation table. The known values on your diagram, the components entering and leaving the system, form the foundation for the table. Units should be consistent across the table. The unknown components on the table (blanks) are often the desired answers. As you solve for different components, you can fill in the table. (Developing a table is optional, although useful, especially in multicomponent mass balance problems)

2. Analyze. A framework for understanding what is known and what is not known is developed at this stage.

(a) State any assumptions applied to the problem. Biological systems are extremely complex, since many processes and reactions, as well as transport of materials, are often going on simultaneously. Knowing when and where to make assumptions to simplify the system to a few salient features is the mark of an outstanding engineer. An example of an assumption is that the human forearm can be modeled as a cylinder.

(b) Collect and state any extra data. In this step, you may need to research information about a component in your system that was not given in the problem definition. An example of extra data that you may need to look up is the viscosity of plasma.

(c) List the variables and notations (symbols) adapted for the problem, and select a set of units for the problem. Typically, a choice is made to use either metric or British units throughout the problem.

[Note: The notations for variables may vary from discipline to discipline, but standard variables that are inherently understood within a subject do not always need to be listed. For example, kinetic energy is defined as EKin physics, but as T in mechanics. If you are calculating data that will be shared with coworkers of the same discipline, it is not necessary to define standard variables. Rather, variables specific to an aspect of the problem need to be defined (e.g., Fs = force of the astronaut on a chair).]

(d) State a basis of calculation. A basis is a specified input or output to a system (usually given as a flow rate or amount). In some problem statements, the basis is given. In other problems, values of components are given relative to one another and not as absolute amounts or rates. Select a basis if one is not given. Mass (Chapter 3) and energy (Chapter 4) problems often need a basis.

(e) If the problem involves chemical reaction(s), list the compounds involved and stoichiometrically balance the equation(s).

3. Calculate. Equations are developed and solved in a logical manner.

(a) Write down all appropriate accounting and/or conservation equations.Writing down the governing equations and then simplifying them by analyzing the system to eliminate unnecessary terms can be a helpful tool in solving engineering problems. For example, if asking the question, âIs this system at steady-state?â results in a positive response, the governing equation may be simplified by making the Accumulation term equal zero. This concept will be discussed further in Chapter 2. Write down any other essential equations needed to solve the problem.

(b) By applying the appropriate equations, calculate the unknown quantities. This is the heart of solving the problem and may require extensive effort. In some cases, the calculation of unknown quantities can be done sequentially. In other cases, it may be best to solve a series of equations using MATLAB or other computer software.

[Note: For a multi-unit or complex mass and energy conservation problems, a strategy to solve the problem may be required. A degree-of-freedom analysis is a systematic method to demonstrate whether a problem can be solved with the stated information and can help determine the sequence in which the equations should be solved. This process is discussed in chemical engineering textbooks (e.g., Reklaitis, Introduction to Material and Energy Balances, 1983).]

4. Finalize. Correct answers to the problem statement are stated clearly.

(a) State the answers clearly with appropriate significant figures and units. Confirm that you answered the specific questions asked by the problem

Laboratory Report Cover Sheet
DeVry University
College of Engineering and Information Sciences

Course Number: ECET301

Professor:

Laboratory Number: 3

Laboratory Title: Ethanol Production

Submittal Date: Click here to enter a date.

Write a brief technical lab report summarizing the technical facts learned from this lab. The report should be organized to provide the following:

Section 1âIntroduction: An introductory/summary paragraph describing the type of conservation principle being analyzed and the key elements that will be discussed relating to this principle.

Section 2âModel: The documented model using the standard problem-solving methodology in section 1.8 of your text.

Section 3âPlot: Matlab plot with script to generate.

Section 4âDiscussion: A section describing the most important characteristics shown, or demonstrate via the modeled and collected data. Also include a practical example of how the information learned in this assignment might help you in a job setting in the real world.

Section 5âConcluding Remarks: A summary statement listing the most positive aspects of the assignment and any difficulties encountered.

[CHEM 145] - Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (25 pages long!)

Document Summary

Get access

Related textbook solutions

Chemistry: Structure and Properties

Basic Chemistry

Principles of Chemistry Molecular Approach

Chemistry: Structure and Properties

Principles of Chemistry Molecular Approach

Chemistry: A Molecular Approach

Chemistry: A Molecular Approach

Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach

Chemistry: The Central Science

Related Documents

[MAT 145] - Final Exam Guide - Everything you need to know! (75 pages long)

LB 145- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 43 pages long!)

LB 145- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 49 pages long!)

Related Questions