ANTHRO 128B Study Guide - Final Guide: Identity Politics, Hydralazine, Atlantic Slave Trade
Tenacity of unconscious bias and the surprising malleability of objective quantitative data in the
interest of a preconceived idea
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Suggestibility dangerous because it is a 'half-conscious act'
Unconscious bias Binet idea; study of suggestibility
Intelligence quotient mental age should be divided by chronological
Used as a label rather than a guide for identifying children who needed help
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IQ testing intelligence too complex to capture with a single number; guide constructed for limited
practical purpose
Self-fulfilling prophesy Binet's worry about IQ being misused as a way to limit, not a way to help and
improve
Children labeled should be sorted and trained according to their inheritance and channeled into
professions appropriate for their biology
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Hereditarians viewed their measures of intelligence as markers of permanent, innate limits
Emphasize the power of creative education to increase achievements of all children
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Mental testing = enhancing potential through proper training
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Anti-hereditarians understood that not all children have same intellectual potential
Mental orthopedics children must learn how to learn
"rational" society all people could be tested and then sorted into roles appropriate for their
intelligence, then a just and efficient society could be constructed for the first time in history
Determined average mental age of white American adults stood just above moronity; thirteen
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Army recruits IQ study conducted by Robert M. Yerkes, who administered 1.75 million mental tests to
army recruits (era of mass testing)
"moron" average man of many nations
Cultural bias inability to respond to typically American situation is obviously an undesirable trait
Social weapon persistent logistical difficulties imposed a systematic bias that substantially lowered
mean scored of blacks and immigrants --> racists and eugenics used statistic
Immigration Restriction Act of 1924 limited number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States
through a national origins quota
Immigration quotas Brigham's data was used against immigrants and act imposed quotas that limited
their access to the country; immigration from southern and eastern European countries decreased
Redlining refers to how the racial make-up of a community determined the value of homes among other
things
Intersectionality the various aspects of what it means to be human are interwoven in an incredibly
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Wednesday, March 21, 2018
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FINAL EXAM Page 1
Intersectionality the various aspects of what it means to be human are interwoven in an incredibly
complex way
Be careful to say that genes are for any physical characteristic
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Overly simplistic view of genetics
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Cheddar man English man that had genes for dark skin, curly hair, and blue eyes
Recognize, engage, and clarify the complexity of interaction between any taxonomies of race and
outcomes
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Understand how race is always going to be complex interplay of realities
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Feedback loops Duster; scientists have overstated the simplicity of very complex interactive feedback
loops between biology and culture and social stratification
Paradigm shift term coined by Thomas Kuhn
Laboratory ethnography social scientists started to follow scientists and conduct participant observation
in places like laboratories
Sociomaterial approach meaning is not fixed; humans attribute meanings to things through complex
interactions based within specific locations in society, culture, and history
Biophysicality the material world asserts itself in ways that make us take notice.
Nonhumans/objects/things play a role in the world
Examines experimental research investigating sex-determining genes in mice and humans
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Sex-determining genes what is taken to be material must be investigated and should not be accepted at
face value
Reproducing their own taken-for-granted categories of sex
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Sex is nature, concern of biologists
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Gender is socially constructed
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Sex/gender defined by geneticists when using their own sociohistorical located normative definitions in
their experimental designs
Critical sociomaterial reexamination of awkward surplus suggests a different research conclusion
from what was reported by the scientists
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Awkward surplus new signals read through old frames can be discounted: in their conclusions
researchers decided to ignore data that contradicted their initial assumptions
Produced by those with particular stakes in those knowledges
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Gender and sex have understood to be completely related systems of knowledge
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Situated knowledges many different possible kinds of sciences
Sociomaterial process and product; what counts as male or female must be evaluated in the
context of use
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Useful in organizing particular kinds of social investigation or action, but they may also inhibit
action
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Biological categories more fluid than geneticists anticipate
Normal sex: males or females who can heterosexually reproduce
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Pathological: any variation from this parameter
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Normal/pathological
FINAL EXAM Page 2
Document Summary
Suggestibility dangerous because it is a "half-conscious act" Tenacity of unconscious bias and the surprising malleability of objective quantitative data in the interest of a preconceived idea. Intelligence quotient mental age should be divided by chronological. Iq testing intelligence too complex to capture with a single number; guide constructed for limited practical purpose. Used as a label rather than a guide for identifying children who needed help. Self-fulfilling prophesy binet"s worry about iq being misused as a way to limit, not a way to help and improve. Hereditarians viewed their measures of intelligence as markers of permanent, innate limits. Children labeled should be sorted and trained according to their inheritance and channeled into professions appropriate for their biology. Anti-hereditarians understood that not all children have same intellectual potential. Emphasize the power of creative education to increase achievements of all children. Mental testing = enhancing potential through proper training. Mental orthopedics children must learn how to learn.
