BIO SCI 93 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Blood Transfusion, Cell C, Phospholipid

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stutiagrawal

21 Apr 2020

School

UC-Irvine

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIO SCI 93

Professor

Jorge Busciglio Kim Green Marcelo A Wood

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BIO SCI 93 Full Course Notes

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Document Summary

Y: two different fatty acids (x and y) are shown at the right. Suppose that phospholipids will be made with only these fatty acids and used to make a cell membrane. Which of the following graph(s) is(are) accurate regarding this cell membrane: only graph a is accurate, only graph b is accurate, only graph d is accurate, graphs a and d are accurate, graphs b and c are accurate. Learning objective 2. 1, 2. 4, 3. 1, 3. 3, 4. 2: fatty acid y is saturated and fatty acid x is unsaturated. The fluidity of a membrane is directly proportional to unsaturated fatty acid content. Therefore, as unsaturated fatty acids (x) increase in proportion, fluidity should increase (graph a). Conversely, as saturated fatty acids (y) increase in proportion, fluidity should decrease (graph d). Therefore, graphs a and d are accurate: a patient was involved a serious accident in a remote forest and lost a large quantity of blood.

Related Questions

The table below shows the percent of each type of phospholipid fatty acid tail found in each type of the grass membranes on Oct. 2 and Dec. 8th. The first column in the table shows the length of the fatty acid tail and the number of double-bonds in the fatty acid. For example the fatty acid â16:0â would be a fatty acid that was 16 carbons long and had 0 double-bonds. The second and third columns show the percent of all phospholipid fatty acids that were of this type. For example, in grass collected on October 2nd, 23.9 % of the phospholipid fatty acids were 16 carbons long and had no double-bonds (16:0 type), and in the grass collected on Dec. 8^th, 21.0 % of the phospholipid fatty acids were 16 carbons long and had no double-bonds (16:0 type).

Fatty Acid composition of Phospholipids	October 2	December 8
Fatty Acid composition of Phospholipids	% of phospholipids	% of phospholipids
16:0	23.9	21.0
16.1	0.4	0.7
18:0	0.8	0.4
18:1	9.6	6.1
18:2	34.4	38.6
18:3	30.2	32.4
20:0	0.7	0.7

A. For each date the grass was collected, calculate the total percent of phospholipid fatty acids that were saturated fatty acids and the total percent of phospholipid fatty acids that were unsaturated fatty acids.

B. Draw a column graph that shows the total percent of phospholipid fatty acids that were saturated for each date that grass was collected and the total percent of phospholipids that were unsaturated for each date that grass were collected.

C. Why are the % of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid tails on the phospholipids of the Oct 2^nd collected grass and the Dec 8^th collected grass not the same? Use your understanding of membrane fluidity to address why these percentages have changed during this time period.

D. During this experiment the concentration of cholesterol found in the membranes of the grass was also measured. On Oct. 2^th the concentration of cholesterol was 1.10 umol/mg and on Dec. 8^th the concentration of cholesterol was 1.22 umol/mg. Why did the concentration of cholesterol change? Use your understanding of membrane fluidity to address why these concentrations have changed during this time period.

37.The major function of the cell wall is

(A) to facilitate cell divison (B) to serve as a diffusion barrier

(E) to serve as an anchor for proteins

38.Penicillin and vancomycin prevent cross-bridge formation between

(A) diaminopimelic acid and D-glutamic acid (B) L-alanine and D-alanine

(E) D-glutamic acid and D-alanine

39.An outer membrane is found in

(A) all cells (B) all prokaryotes

(E) all Gram-positive bacteria

40.The complex of DNA polymerase with its accessory components is called

(A) nucleoid (B) nucleus

(E) setpum

41.Which of the following is the bacterial homolog of tubulin?

(A) FtsZ (B) MreB

(E) MinD

42.Which of the following is an actin homolog that helps maintain cell shape?

(A) FtsZ (B) MreB

(E) MinD

43.Which of the following is least involved in photosynthesis?

(A) phycobilisomes (B) thylakoids

(E) stalks

44.Capsule is composed of

(A) nucleic acids (B) lipoproteins

(E) murein

45.Pili and fimbriae are composed of

(A) nucleic acids (B) lipopolysaccharides

(E) amino acids

46.Which of the following subcellular structures is involved in adherence?

(A) gas vesicles (B) storage granules

(E) phycobilisomes

47.As temperatures drop, membrane fluidity decreases. Which of the following changes to phospholipids will help maintain correct bacterial membrane fluidity under cold temperatures?

(A) Formation of lipid monolayer.

(B) An increase in the length of the fatty acid tails.

(D) An increase in saturated fatty acids.

(E) A switch from ester linkages between fatty acids and glycerol to ether linkages.

48.Which of the following statements regarding chemotaxis is true?

(A) Attractants cause counterclockwise rotation of the flagella that makes the cells tumble

(B) Attractants cause clockwise rotation of the flagella that makes the cells run

(D) Attractants cause clockwise rotation of the flagella that makes the cells tumble

(E) None of the above is true.

49.With 5 g of NaCl available, how much water is needed to make a solution at a concentration of 10 mg/mL?

(A) 0.5 mL (B) 5 mL

(E) 5 L

50.How much of 1 M glucose stock solution is needed to make a 500-mL solution containing 25 mM glucose?

(A) 12.5 Î¼L (B) 125 Î¼L

(E) 1.25 L

I have this questions for my homework i need help with them look please it is important i need help so please give me the correct answers for each question and also please be clear to understand and aslo be correct it is very important becuase i need them so i really need the right answers. please help me and be correct and clear it is important ok

Question 5

At a constant temperature, if you increase the number of unsaturated fatty acid chains in the phospholipid, the membrane will become......

less fluid

more fluid

fluidity will be unchanged

Question 6

Bacteria in a hot spring at 80 degrees celsius would be expected to have ______________ in their cell membrane

high proportions of saturated phospholipids

high proportions of unsaturated phospholipids

an equal ratio of saturated to unsaturated phospholipid

Question 7

Membrane proteins have an important role in membrane fluidity

True

False

Question 8

The HIV virus can't attach to cells that have a mutation in the CCR5 gene and so such individuals are resistant to HIV. What population of people have a higher incidence of the mutant CCR5 gene and why?

europeans because their ancestors survived the bubonic plague

North Americans because their ancestors survived small pox

europeans because they have a longer evolutionary past with HIV

Africans because they have a longer evolutionary past with HIV

Question 9

Nematode trapping fungi have ______________ molecules called ______________ that recognize specific carbohydrates on the surface of the nematode worms. This is how a fungus can recognize that its prey, the nematode worm, has wriggled into the loop. Write two words on lowercase separated by a space with no other syntax

Question 10

Diffusion requires energy

True

False

Question 11

The net direction of molecule movement when molecules diffuse is

down their concentration gradient

random directions

Question 12

In osmosis, water molecules from a solution of higher solute concentration cross a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of lower solute concentration?

True

False

Question 13

Which best defines osmosis?

In osmosis, water from a solution of lower solute concentration move across a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration?

In osmosis, water from a solution of higher solute concentration move across a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of lower solute concentration?

Question 14

Animal cells placed into a hypotonic solution would most likely?

lyse (burst)

shrink

remain unchanged in size

Question 15