CBNS 101 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Cell Cycle, Protein, S Phase
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
CBNS 101
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
CBNS 101: Fundamentals of Cell Biology
Lecture 1 - June 25th, 2018
Why Study the Biology of the Cell?
●Cells make up all living organisms.
●Intermediate between molecular and developmental biology.
●Cells go through a very processed cycle.
○Cancer is the opposite. Manifestation of dividing cells.
Universal Features of Cells
●Hereditary information is stored in DNA → Chemical Code
○All cells store information in this way.
●All cells proliferate and carry on their information through their replication by template
polymerization.
●All cells follow the central dogma.
○Messenger RNA use this information
○DNA is a fixed part of you - what you inherit from parents.
●All cells use proteins as catalysts.
○Protein is not affected by this reaction. Molecular machines.
●All cells are bounded by a plasma membrane
○Plasma membrane - Acts as a selective barrier from interior and exterior. Has to be able
to communicate with environment.
●All cells use ATP as the energy source.
○Energy currency of all cells.
Diversity of Cells: Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
●Larger diversity in multicellular organisms.
Classification
●Cells can be broken up into two categories:
○Prokaryotes
○Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic Cells (before nucleus)
●
Eukaryotic cells
●Photosynthetic bacteria → chloroplasts
○Used to be their own separate organism.
●They have cytoskeleton
○3 main systems that make up the cytoskeleton: microfilament, microtubules,
intermediate filaments
.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Multicellular Organisms
●All cells in the body contain the same DNA and become specialized due to differential expression
of genetic information.
Milestones in Cell Biology
●Cell theory
○Animalcules - living organisms.
○Cell theory was then proposed.
●Chromosomal theory of inheritance
○Cell split
●Improvement in our ability to describe cell structure.
●Recombinant DNA technology.
●Proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in cells.
●Discovery of key regulators of the cell cycle.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Cells go through a very processed cycle. Hereditary information is stored in dna chemical code. All cells store information in this way. All cells proliferate and carry on their information through their replication by template polymerization. Dna is a fixed part of you - what you inherit from parents. Protein is not affected by this reaction. All cells are bounded by a plasma membrane. Plasma membrane - acts as a selective barrier from interior and exterior. Has to be able to communicate with environment. All cells use atp as the energy source. Cells can be broken up into two categories: Used to be their own separate organism. 3 main systems that make up the cytoskeleton: microfilament, microtubules, intermediate filaments . All cells in the body contain the same dna and become specialized due to differential expression of genetic information. Improvement in our ability to describe cell structure. Proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in cells.
