BSC 1005 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Dehydration Reaction, Covalent Bond, Nitrogenous Base

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puceoyster173

16 Mar 2018

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Organic compounds: one or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other elements. Hydrolysis: a reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water: sucrose + water glucose + fructose. Dehydration synthesis: the process of joining two molecules together following the removal of water: galactose + glucose lactose + water. Lipids (saturated vs. unsaturated; phospholipids, steroids: saturated fatty acid: when there are only single bonds between neighboring carbons in the chain. Solid at room temperature: unsaturated fatty acid: hydrocarbon chain contains a double bond. Proteins are all polymers of amino acids, arranged in a linear sequence of a polypeptide chain. Amino acids: amino group(left), r-group (middle), carboxyl group (right) Peptide bond: when an amino acid is attached to another amino acid by a covalent bond; formed by a dehydration reaction; polypeptide. Unique sequence and # of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Folding patterns resulting from interactions between non r-group portions.

Related Questions

Unit 2 Organic Chemistry

Organic compounds vs. Inorganic compounds

What makes a compound organic? Inorganic?

Functional groups (phosphate groups, amino groups, carboxyl groups)

Know the structure of each of these groups, and which organic compounds they are found in. You can draw them for your own use.

Hydrolysis

What is it? What is it used for?

Dehydration synthesis

What is it? What is it used for?

Carbohydrates (Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides and examples)

Know the process of joining two monosaccharides together to create a disaccharide.

Be able to give examples of several monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.

Monosaccharide examples (3)	Disaccharide examples (2)	Complex carbohydrates (3)

Lipids (Saturated vs. Unsaturated; Phospholipids, Steroids)

Define a saturated fatty acid.

Define an unsaturated fatty acid. Draw if it helps.

What process is used to put the fatty acid chain on a glycerol molecule?

Hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic

Define hydrophilic.

What part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic?

Define hydrophobic.

What part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?

Proteins, types and functions

What is a protein composed of, and what does it do?

Amino acids

Name the three parts of the amino acid that come off the common Carbon.

Identify each of the three parts. (Amino Acid ID game)

Peptide Bonds

How are they formed?

What two parts of each amino acid do they join together?

Enzymes - define.

Levels of Protein structure

Complete the chart below.

Protein structure level	definition
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quarternary

Protein Denaturation

What is it and how does it happen?

Define what a Solute is.

Define what a solvent is

Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, ATP)

Nucleotide

Name its three parts and be able to identify each of them on a diagram. (Nucleotide ID game)

What are the two possible sugars used in a nucleotide?

Complete the Table below.

	DNA	RNA	ATP
What sugar does it have?
What nitrogen bases does it have?
Provide the pairings of the nitrogen bases of each nucleic acid			N/A
What is its structure?

1.An ionic bond is created by ? a)a positive and negative ion attracting eachother b)two or more positive ions combining c)two or more negative ions combining d)none of the above

2.A transfer of electrons from one atom to another occurs? a)in all chemical reactions b)in the formation of all chemical bonds c)in the formation of covalent bonds d)none of the above

3.When cucrose is mixed with water and the proper enzyme , the sucrose molecule splits into glucose and fructose the reaction is an example of? a)hydrolysis b)dehydration c)synthesis d)anabolism

4.Which of the following compounds is an organic acid ? a)H2CO3 b)NaOH c)HCl d)KCL

5.Which of the following is a protein ? a )sucrose b)cholesterol c)Raffinose d)Mannose

6.In the formation of polymer dehydration synthesis occurs between ? a)the amino groups of 2 different amino acids b)the acid groups of two different amino acids c) the amono group of one amino acid and the acid group of the other d)none of the above

7.Which of the following is protein? a)surcase b)cholesterol c )raffinose d)mannose

8.The combination of glucose and galactose forms ? a)fructose b)maltose c)lactose d)Surose

azurecrocodile958

The synthesis of polymers involves the _____________ of water,while the digestion of polymers involves the ______________ ofwater.
1- addition, addition
2- removal, removal
3- addition, removal
4- removal, addition

All biological macromolecules are based on

carbon atoms because carbon readily shares four electron pairs withother carbon atoms, and thus form large, complex structures.
carbon atoms because C-H bonds are nonpolar.
oxygen atoms because oxygen has a strong attraction forelectrons.
oxygen atoms because the O-H bond is polar and thus allows forhydrogen bonds to form that allow the formation of largeconglomerates.

The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be themolecular formula for a disaccharide linking two glucose moleculesvia dehydration synthesis?

C2H4O2
C6H12O6
C12H24O12
C12H22O11

Sucrose, the sugar in table sugar, is composed of one glucosemolecule joined to a fructose molecule. How is sucroseclassified?

as a monosaccharide
as a polysaccharide
as a hexose
as a disaccharide

From the fact that (i) high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) tastessweeter than regular table sugar and that (ii) human taste buds aremore sensitive for fructose than glucose, one can concludethat

HFCS contains fructose, but table sugar does not.
glucose and fructose must both be monosaccharides.
the percentage of fructose in HFCS must be higher than that intable sugar.
the percentage of fructose in HFCS must be 55%.
fructose stimulates the production of hormones that controlappetite and the blood sugar level.

I would expect plant cell walls to consist of a polysaccharide thatis

easy to break down by animals, but hard to break down by mostmicrobes.
easy to break down by most microbes, but hard to break down by mostanimals.
easy to break down by animals and most microbes.
hard to break down by animals and most microbes.

Nutritionists came up with the term âglycemic loadâ to describe thehealth effect of carbohydrates because

glycemic index was too difficult to understand.
glycemic index does not offer any useful information about howquickly a carbohydrate can be broken down into sugars.
the amount of a food consumed is as important as how quickly it canbe broken down into sugars.
only the amount of food consumed matters, but not how quickly acarbohydrate can be broken down into sugars.

Why does it make sense that cell division is stimulated by thepresence of sugar in the blood?

It is the body's goal to get the sugar out of the blood stream, andtwo cells can take up and remove more sugar from the blood streamthan one cell.
Two cells require more energy (that can be supplied by sugar as anenergy source) than one, and it is therefore advantageous for anorganism to regulate cell division to be slow in the absence of anenergy source and stimulated in the presence of an energy source.

BSC 1005 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Dehydration Reaction, Covalent Bond, Nitrogenous Base

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