ZOO 4605 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Yolk Sac, Syndrome, Placenta
ZOO 4605
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
1
ZOO 4605-A001
05/14/18
Bring 3 scantrons
Need certain physiological conditions and hormones to have a child
Need good hygiene and specific diet
A certain lifestyale
Increases genetic disorder or malformations
Hygiene
Lifestyle
oHaving multiple partners (brothers)
oReligion
oDrugs
Can affect development of embryo
Has direct effect of development on CNS and heart
Man and woman equally affect the child
Sperm
structure is important
oHead covered by acrosome membrane
Underneath acrosome we have important enzymes
Acrosine
Prostaglandin
Angiotensin converting enzyme
Dissolving superficial membrane of ovum
Head of sperm is able to penetrate ovum
Head of sperm contains nucleus with 23
chromosome (paternal)
First 22 are somatic and last is sex (X or Y)
oNeck of sperm (mid-peice)
Contain mitochondria
Create ATP which provide energy
oTail
Allows it to swim in female reproductive tract
Abnormal sperm cannot fertilize ovum
Semen contain sperm and other factors which come from seminal vesicle and prostate gland
Factors which give energy to sperm
oCitric acid
oFructose
oProstaglandin (again)
Controls relaxation and contraction of female reproductive tract
Facilitates sperm movement in reproductive tract
Located in the semen and beneath the acrosome membrane on the
head of sperm
oZinc
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2
oCalcium
Factors give energy to sperm and control mobility
Should measure all of the measurements of these factors in sperm to determine fertility
of male
We need normal anatomical structure in males and females
Abnormal structures
oMale reproductive tract
Obstruction or closure of vas deferens
Carries sperm
Having abnormal tumor in testes
Testes Secrete estrogen
Male need small amount of estrogen
When male has excessive estrogen production, stem cells will
remain in testicle and become a benign tumor
Obesity
Have more fat tissue which contains an enzyme called
aromatase enzyme
Normally converts testosterone into estrogen which is
necessary for last step of development of sperm
Over secretion of aromatase which exists in fat tissue
will create more estrogen which will make men look for female
Will have some developed breast tissue
oOvum
Age of female
Too young may increase malformation risk because her body is
not ready for healthy pregnancy
13-14
Too old (over 45) are also at risk for abnormal child
After release of enzymes from sperm. Head of sperm penetrates into ovum and each contains
23 chromosomes
Fusion of combination of male and femal chromosomes creates 46 chromosomes
oCalled a zygote
One cell with 46 chromosome
Before fertilization, sperm and ovum have myotic cell division but after
fertilization they have mitotic cell division
Mitotic division
Zygote becomes two cells and is now called a
blastomere
2 cells of blastomere
Then becomes 4 cells of blastomere
Between 8-16 cells it is called a morula
Multiple cells are called a blastocyst
Blastocyst has two groups of cells
One that is spiral across and one that is
spiral around
The one that is across is called
embryoblast
Will be future embryo
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Need certain physiological conditions and hormones to have a child. Has direct effect of development on cns and heart. Man and woman equally affect the child. Head of sperm is able to penetrate ovum. Head of sperm contains nucleus with 23 chromosome (paternal) First 22 are somatic and last is sex (x or y) o o. Allows it to swim in female reproductive tract. Semen contain sperm and other factors which come from seminal vesicle and prostate gland. Factors which give energy to sperm o o o o. Controls relaxation and contraction of female reproductive tract. Located in the semen and beneath the acrosome membrane on the head of sperm. Factors give energy to sperm and control mobility. Should measure all of the measurements of these factors in sperm to determine fertility of male. We need normal anatomical structure in males and females. When male has excessive estrogen production, stem cells will remain in testicle and become a benign tumor.
