CFD 1220 Study Guide - Spring 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Obesity, Uterus, Tobacco Smoking
12 Oct 2018
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Department
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CFD 1220
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Chapter 4:
Child Socialization Strategies and Techniques
Discipline vs. Guidance
• The view of discipline as punishment in the U. S. Reflects our history of punitive
childrearing
o The punitive child socialization approach is not universal and not growth
producing
• Discipline means: to learn, teach, guide
• Thinking of child socialization as guidance helps us consider other strategies that are
o More growth producing
o Less harmful to children than punishment
Guidance as Prevention of Problems
• There are a number of parenting strategies that are effective for preventing children’s
misbehavior, including:
o A method for establishing an atmosphere of psychological safety for children
o The technique of encouragement
o An approach called four pluses and a wish
o A technique termed the four goals of misbehavior
o A method for improving parent–child communication skills which includes
problem ownership, active listening, and I-messages
Creating an Atmosphere of Psychological Safety
• Dorothy Briggs recommended that parents create an atmosphere of psychological safety
for their children
o The chief goal of parenting is to build a strong sense of self-worth in children
• Briggs outlined three levels of children’s self-esteem, each of which reflects their
ongoing interactions with their parents:
o Those with high self-esteem have experienced unconditional love from their
parents
o Children with low self-esteem have had interactions with parents that have led
to questions regarding their lovability
o Children with mid-level self-esteem have parents who have led them to think
believe that their lovability derives from pleasing others
Value of Promoting Children’s Self-Esteem
• High self-esteem helps children to view the rest of their lives from a more optimistic
perspective
• Children with supportive families develop both higher self-esteem and more positive
social relationships
• Higher self-esteem mediates a variety of negative outcomes for children
• Parental evaluations of their children’s behaviors affect the self-esteem of children much
more than does the judgment of others
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Guidance as Encouragement of Children
• Parental encouragement helps children to believe in themselves and their abilities
o Also, motivates them to try new things
• Parents encourage their children when they
o Avoid placing value judgments on them
o Focus on their feelings
o Concentrate on process rather than outcome
o Separate children’s worth from their accomplishments or their mistakes
Attitudes and Behaviors That Encourage Children
• Attitudes and behaviors of parents that encourage children include:
o Showing appreciation of each of child’s uniqueness
o Showing confidence in their children
o Building on their children’s strengths
o Avoiding sending mixed messages to their children
o Using humor in their parent–child interactions
Parental Attitudes and Behaviors That Discourage Children
• Negative expectations of their children
• Unreasonably high demands of their children
• Showing child favoritism which leads to competition between or among their children
• Being overly ambitious in the demands they place on children
• The double standard:
o Requiring standards of behavior from children while modeling other standards
Four Pluses and a Wish: A Strategy for Motivating Children’s Compliance
• Plus 1—Smile
o The parent approaches the child with a smiling face
• Plus 2—Relaxed Body Language and Friendly Voice
o Parents should be certain that their voice tone, facial expression, and body
language convey friendliness toward the child
• Plus 3—Say the Child’s Name
o For the child, hearing the parent say his or her name in a friendly voice is
affirming
• Plus 4—Pay a Compliment to the Child
o Perhaps comment on what the child is doing
• The Wish
o Only after providing four pluses for the child, does the parent make the request
(The Wish)
The Concept of Belongingness and Children’s Goals of Misbehavior
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
It is more than a hunch or a pipe hypothesis, and is far more comprehensive than a folk theory. Siri produce hypotheses generate discoveries offer practical guidance. In early childhood is the anus the anal stage in the preschool years is the penis the phallic stage a source of pride and fear among boys and a reason for sadness and nv among girls after a quiet. Latin see and jenna tail stage arrives at puberty lasting through aulthood. One of frogs most influential ideas with that each state includes its own struggles how children experience and resolve these conflicts determines personality lifelong because the early stages provided the foundation for adult behavior. Cross-sequential research: a research design in which researchers first study several groups of people and different ages and then follow those groups over the years it is a combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal.
