PNB 2264 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Protein, Bone, Connective Tissue
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PNB 2264
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
PNB 2264
Day 1
Studying
- New language
o Based on latin and greek roots
- Study with others
- Ask questions in class
Exams
- Two during semester and one final
- Questions in the chapters are exam questions
- Final is cumulative
- Use Bloo’s taoo
Organization Human Body
- Anatomy – structure, gross and microscopic
o Cells fundamental building blocks
- Physiology – function
o Action of cells working together
- Core principles
o Structure dictates function at all levels
o Anatomy and physiology strives to maintain homeostasis
Homeostasis
- Outside the world changes all the time
- Your internal state cannot change
- The body strives to maintain key processes, blood compounds, etc. at a level that keeps
you alive
- Your cells are designed to keep you alive, strives to maintain your internal environment
How do we begin?
- All of us understand something about the human body, much of what we know is wrong
- 10% of brain idea, not true, we use all of our brain
- healthy teeth are gleaig hite? No….
We begin from outside looking in
- gross anatomy
o what we see with the naked eye
o limbs, feet, hands, head, eyes, ears
- Microscopic anatomy
o Need tools: microscopes
o Cells: cytology
▪ Cyt- cells
▪ -ology: study off
▪ hist- tissues
o Tissues: histology
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Imaging Technology
Advances
- Ability to see within the body w/o cutting the skin
- Tissues are transparent to certain types of radiation and sound
o X-rays and ultrasound
- This allos us to uderstad hat is the oral struture ad hat is’t
X-rays
- Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays in 1895
o Realized that they passed through skin but not bones
o In common use by 1896 as a diagnostic tool
o Revolutionized our understanding of anatomy
o No one appreciated the danger
Ultrasound
- WW2 technology to find subs
o Sonograms
o 2 – 18 MHz
o used in all areas of medicine
o sound is differentially absorbed
CT scans
- spiral computed temography
o x-rays move in circle
o incredible resolution
MRI
- magnetic resonance imagins
- high-res internal images w/o x0rays
Angiography
- radio-opaque dye injected into the femoral artery injected into the femoral artery
- x-ray of blood vessels
- can show you, in real time, where a constriction or blockage is
PET scan
- positron emission tomography
o gold standard for cancer detection
- put a radioactive material in your body that is absorbed by the cancer and shows up as a
dark spot on the scan, this is taken out by the bladder so the bladder usually shows up
dark
Microscopy
- lens and light – 1,000x magnification
Fluorescent microscopy
- tagging with fluorescent markers
o specific colorful
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
New language: based on latin and greek roots. Questions in the chapters are exam questions. Anatomy structure, gross and microscopic: cells fundamental building blocks. Physiology function: action of cells working together. Core principles: structure dictates function at all levels, anatomy and physiology strives to maintain homeostasis. Outside the world changes all the time. The body strives to maintain key processes, blood compounds, etc. at a level that keeps you alive. Your cells are designed to keep you alive, strives to maintain your internal environment. All of us understand something about the human body, much of what we know is wrong. 10% of brain idea, not true, we use all of our brain. Gross anatomy: what we see with the naked eye limbs, feet, hands, head, eyes, ears. Microscopic anatomy: need tools: microscopes, cells: cytology, cyt- cells, hist- tissues, tissues: histology. Ability to see within the body w/o cutting the skin.
