RG ST 3 Study Guide - Final Guide: Shang Dynasty, Yin And Yang, Spring And Autumn Annals
CONFUCIANISM
Benevolence (humaneness)
"Ren"
○
Kindness
○
•
Junzi ("superior person")
Notable person who is educated
○
•
Mengzi/Mencius
Most famous follower of Confucius
○
Believed that humans were innately good
○
Made advances in ideas of education, social policy, and benevolence
Believed that education was necessary for people to maintain their
innocence
§
○
Metaphor of sprouts - need cultivation for proper living
○
•
Xiao
Filial piety - respect your elders by behaving properly and respectfully
If you're asked to do something, do it without hesitation
§
After elders pass away and become your ancestors, honor them by
making years of offerings (and mourning)
§
○
•
Tian
Chinese term for "heaven"
○
Universal moral force that governs the world
○
•
Rites
Classic of Rites (Liji): ancient rites and court ceremonies
○
Li
○
•
Zhou Dynasty
Ideal (not historical) dynasty
○
Zhou becomes a model for an ideal society in the popular imagination
○
•
"Five Relationships"
Father to Son: there should be kindness in the father and filial piety in the
son
○
Elder Brother to Younger Brother: there should be gentility (politeness) in
the elder brother and humility in the younger
○
Husband to Wife: there should be righteous behavior in the husband and
obedience in the wife
○
Elder to Junior: there should be consideration among the elders and
deference among the juniors
○
Ruler to Subject: there should be benevolence among the rulers and
loyalty among the subjects
○
Country = extension of family
○
•
Oracle bones
People wrote questions on tortoise shells and bones, lit them on fire, and
thrown into water
○
Experts "read" the cracks which are answers to questions inscribed on the
bones
○
Consulting ancestors, oracles, and spirits to have answers to live and
divination
○
•
Propriety
Li
○
the way one should live their life
Can also mean ritual decorum
§
Correctness of life and practice
§
Necessary to establish good relationships in life and create
harmony… also making Heaven "smile"
§
○
•
Yin-yang
Coincidence of opposites
○
Balance and interaction between both sides
○
All reality is made up of the interaction of two polar/opposite forces
Yin = the feminine force of darkness, coldness, wetness, and
passivity
§
Yang = the male forces of light, heat, dryness, and activity
§
○
•
Xunzi
Complete opposite view of Mengzi
○
Believed that humans were innately and fundamentally bad
○
People needed strict guidance and order or else they would engage in evil
conduct
○
•
Li
Propriety
○
Chinese term for "rites"
○
•
Tianming
Chinese term for "Mandate of Heaven"
○
•
Yijing (Classic of Changes)
One of the five classics
○
A book of divination
○
Questions of the future and if it can be predicted
○
•
Lunyu (Analects)
Confucian teachings from master to student
○
Tells how people should live properly
○
Interesting narrative characteristic while being outlined in the form of
verses
○
•
Dao
"the way"
○
People needed to live in accordance with it to live properly
○
•
Shang Dynasty
Theocracy, with rulers being high priests and divine kings
Religious and political classes are fused
§
Religious and civil law are the same thing
§
○
Came after the Xia Dynasty became corrupt
○
•
Filial piety
Xiao
○
•
Kongfuzi/Confucius
Was not widely recognized in his own lifetime
○
He taught that rulers oppress the people, to which the people respond
with anger and violence
○
Humans have capacity for basic goodness
○
One should study traditions of ancient sages for peace and prosperity
○
•
Ren
Benevolence
○
•
"mandate of heaven"
Gives the ruler divine right
○
Lost by wronging your people, ruling corruptly, and creating a
disharmonious society
○
•
Tianzi
Emperor/Son of Heaven
○
•
Warring States Period
Chinese states declared independence from Zhou Dynasty and fought for
territory and dominance
○
A bunch of separated states -- huge period of division
○
Qin state gained control of all other small states -- became Qin Dynasty
○
•
"Five Classics"
Heart of Confucian scripture, trying to teach and form noble men
Shujing: Classic of History
Collection of speeches and documents from 6th century BCE□
§
Shijing: Classic of Poetry
Poems, folk songs, eulogies□
Most likely compiled by Confucius himself□
§
Classic of Changes (Yijing): book of divination
§
Classic of Rites (Liji): ancient rites and court ceremonies
§
Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu): History of Lu region
§
○
•
Divination
Trying to seek the will of ancestors and spirits
○
•
Duke of Zhou
Founding father of the Zhou
○
A.k.a. Dan
○
Huge role in consolidating his brother's kingdom
○
•
Confucianism study guide
Wednesday, June 27, 2018
3:00 PM
CONFUCIANISM
Benevolence (humaneness)
"Ren"
○
Kindness
○
•
Junzi ("superior person")
Notable person who is educated
○
•
Mengzi/Mencius
Most famous follower of Confucius
○
Believed that humans were innately good
○
Made advances in ideas of education, social policy, and benevolence
Believed that education was necessary for people to maintain their
innocence
§
○
Metaphor of sprouts - need cultivation for proper living
○
•
Xiao
Filial piety - respect your elders by behaving properly and respectfully
If you're asked to do something, do it without hesitation
§
After elders pass away and become your ancestors, honor them by
making years of offerings (and mourning)
§
○
•
Tian
Chinese term for "heaven"
○
Universal moral force that governs the world
○
•
Rites
Classic of Rites (Liji): ancient rites and court ceremonies
○
Li
○
•
Zhou Dynasty
Ideal (not historical) dynasty
○
Zhou becomes a model for an ideal society in the popular imagination
○
•
"Five Relationships"
Father to Son: there should be kindness in the father and filial piety in the
son
○
Elder Brother to Younger Brother: there should be gentility (politeness) in
the elder brother and humility in the younger
○
Husband to Wife: there should be righteous behavior in the husband and
obedience in the wife
○
Elder to Junior: there should be consideration among the elders and
deference among the juniors
○
Ruler to Subject: there should be benevolence among the rulers and
loyalty among the subjects
○
Country = extension of family
○
•
Oracle bones
People wrote questions on tortoise shells and bones, lit them on fire, and
thrown into water
○
Experts "read" the cracks which are answers to questions inscribed on the
bones
○
Consulting ancestors, oracles, and spirits to have answers to live and
divination
○
•
Propriety
Li
○
the way one should live their life
Can also mean ritual decorum
§
Correctness of life and practice
§
Necessary to establish good relationships in life and create
harmony… also making Heaven "smile"
§
○
•
Yin-yang
Coincidence of opposites
○
Balance and interaction between both sides
○
All reality is made up of the interaction of two polar/opposite forces
Yin = the feminine force of darkness, coldness, wetness, and
passivity
§
Yang = the male forces of light, heat, dryness, and activity
§
○
•
Xunzi
Complete opposite view of Mengzi
○
Believed that humans were innately and fundamentally bad
○
People needed strict guidance and order or else they would engage in evil
conduct
○
•
Li
Propriety
○
Chinese term for "rites"
○
•
Tianming
Chinese term for "Mandate of Heaven"
○
•
Yijing (Classic of Changes)
One of the five classics
○
A book of divination
○
Questions of the future and if it can be predicted
○
•
Lunyu (Analects)
Confucian teachings from master to student
○
Tells how people should live properly
○
Interesting narrative characteristic while being outlined in the form of
verses
○
•
Dao
"the way"
○
People needed to live in accordance with it to live properly
○
•
Shang Dynasty
Theocracy, with rulers being high priests and divine kings
Religious and political classes are fused
§
Religious and civil law are the same thing
§
○
Came after the Xia Dynasty became corrupt
○
•
Filial piety
Xiao
○
•
Kongfuzi/Confucius
Was not widely recognized in his own lifetime
○
He taught that rulers oppress the people, to which the people respond
with anger and violence
○
Humans have capacity for basic goodness
○
One should study traditions of ancient sages for peace and prosperity
○
•
Ren
Benevolence
○
•
"mandate of heaven"
Gives the ruler divine right
○
Lost by wronging your people, ruling corruptly, and creating a
disharmonious society
○
•
Tianzi
Emperor/Son of Heaven
○
•
Warring States Period
Chinese states declared independence from Zhou Dynasty and fought for
territory and dominance
○
A bunch of separated states -- huge period of division
○
Qin state gained control of all other small states -- became Qin Dynasty
○
•
"Five Classics"
Heart of Confucian scripture, trying to teach and form noble men
Shujing: Classic of History
Collection of speeches and documents from 6th century BCE□
§
Shijing: Classic of Poetry
Poems, folk songs, eulogies□
Most likely compiled by Confucius himself□
§
Classic of Changes (Yijing): book of divination
§
Classic of Rites (Liji): ancient rites and court ceremonies
§
Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu): History of Lu region
§
○
•
Divination
Trying to seek the will of ancestors and spirits
○
•
Duke of Zhou
Founding father of the Zhou
○
A.k.a. Dan
○
Huge role in consolidating his brother's kingdom
○
•
Confucianism study guide
Wednesday, June 27, 2018 3:00 PM
Document Summary
Made advances in ideas of education, social policy, and benevolence. Believed that education was necessary for people to maintain their innocence. Metaphor of sprouts - need cultivation for proper living. Filial piety - respect your elders by behaving properly and respectfully. If you"re asked to do something, do it without hesitation. After elders pass away and become your ancestors, honor them by making years of offerings (and mourning) Zhou becomes a model for an ideal society in the popular imagination. Father to son: there should be kindness in the father and filial piety in the son. Elder brother to younger brother: there should be gentility (politeness) in the elder brother and humility in the younger. Husband to wife: there should be righteous behavior in the husband and obedience in the wife. Elder to junior: there should be consideration among the elders and deference among the juniors.
