BILD 3 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Phylogenetics, Monophyly, Bild
30 May 2016
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You should be able to: explain why phylogenetic trees are hypotheses, phylogenetic trees are never perfect and have billions of possibilities so they are hypotheses because we are not sure if they are correct or not. Reconstructs a past we did not see: given a phylogenetic tree, be able to identify nodes, branches, common ancestors, species, sister taxa, roots, ingroups, outgroups, clades, and orientation of the time axis, sister taxa. Groups of organisms that share an immediate common ancestor: roots. Node within the tree that represents the most recent common ancestor of all taxa in the tree: clades. An ancestral species and all of its descendants. Species or group of species from an evolutionary lineage known to have diverged before the lineage that includes the species we are studying. Used to determine what was present in the other ancestors and what wasn"t: define and correctly use these terms: taxon/taxa, lineage, character/trait, character transition, synapomorphy, taxon/taxa.
