PSYC 3341 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Botulinum Toxin, Latrodectus, Nitric Oxide
2 Apr 2019
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Quiz questions: nitric oxide (no) is a gas neurotransmitter that dilates blood vessels in active brain areas. Small-molecule transmitters: first neurotransmitters to be discovered, synthesized from dietary nutrients, packaged ready for use in axon terminals; quick-acting. Acetylcholine: released via stimulation of vagus nerve, excites muscles. Histamine: restricts airways, antihistamines prevent histamines from bonding to receptors. Norepinephrine and epinephrine: trigger the sympathetic nervous system. Serotonin: associated with mood, sleep/wake, pain sensitivity, and emotional and motor tone. Glutamate: main excitatory transmitter, causes depolarization, causes na+ channels to open. Gaba: main inhibitory transmitter, causes hyperpolarization, causes na+ channels to close. Peptides (neuropeptides: act slowly; not replaced quickly, act as hormones that respond to stress, regulate eating, drinking, pleasure, pain, contribute to learning, secretins. Increase sleepiness: decrease anxiety and pain, morphine and heroin mimic the effects of natural opioids. Neurohypophyseals: vasopressin, oxytocin, starts contractions in childbirth and allows women to lactate, associated with emotion, affiliation, and bonding.
