IB 150 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - React Music Limited, Kinetic Energy, Homeostasis
12 Oct 2018
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IB 150
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
What does it mean to be alive
➢ Living organisms have properties that intuitively “feel” diff from dead inanimate matter
○ Hippocrates- wondered about what makes living and nonliving things intuitively
diff
➢ Properties that set living squirrel from dead squirrel (ideas)
○ Homeostasis
○ Reproduce
○ Interact
○ Has cells
○ DNA replication
➢ 5 properties all living organisms share
○ Grow and reproduce
○ React to environment
○ Maintain highly ordered internal states via homeostasis
○ Evolve
○ Use energy to do work
➢ Energy - increases entropy in the universe
➢ Δ G- the energy available or needed to do work
➢ How to know if equation is endergonic or exergonic: negative or positive ΔG. endergonic
is positive Δ G, exergonic if negative ΔG
➢ Rxns favorable if Δ G<0
➢ Food gives us energy
➢ Body fluids have higher salinity that surrounding freshwater
➢ When an organism can't perform work to engage in endergonic rxns- explode
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Learning goals 4, 5, 6
➢ Living organisms are able to perform work to drive endergonic rxns associated with:
○ 1. Building and ordered system (cell/body)- grow/ reproduce
○ 2. Maintain ordered system far out of equilibrium w/ environ
○ 3. Do work ON the environ (react to environ)
➢ Need energy from the environment
➢ Life does not violate 2nd law of therm bc an endergonic rxn is coupled with a exergonic
rxn and the change is ultimately negative (refer to activity 1.4 notes drawing 1)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
➢ How to increase rxn rate by overcoming the activation energy associated with the
reaction
○ Add a catalyst
■ Make more stable and lower activation energy
○ Increase the temperature to give kinetic energy to go over the activation energy
hump
➢ Refer to page 18
➢ ATP has a short shelf-life
○ At any given time you have about 50 grams of atp in all the cells of your body
○ Body needs energy of 9kg (20lbs) of ATP (too hard to eat that amount as food)
○ Where do you get all the ATP from each day? From recycled from ADP (NOT
FOOD)
○ Glycogen is a polymer of glucose stored in liver and muscle cells
➢ Why is ATP better suited as the “universal energy currency” for most of life’s endergonic
rxnx?
○ ATP reacts immediately bc it has low activation energy
○ Combusts right away
○ Used right away
➢ Why is glucose better for long-term energy storage?
○ It has a higher activation energy
➢ GOAL OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
○ Glucose + 6O2 →
➢ HOW IT’S DONE
○ PART 1: harvest high energy electrons from C-H bonds of organic molecule
○ PART 2: use high energy electrons to set up proton gradient for enzyme ATP
synthase (this is endergonic bc it's going against the concentration gradient and
entropy is low so not favorable)
➢ Know inputs and outputs, but don't need to go into more detail that lecture video
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➢ How is ATP produced and why is cellular resp important
➢ What might higher/lower concentration -
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WEEK 3
-all organisms need glucose or some type of organic molecule
Week 4
● Diff between vertebrate lungs and insect trachea leads to diff size constraints on
vertebrates
○ Bc of mass flow
○ Diaphragm contracts and lung volume increases bc lungs expand so air flows in
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
