BIOLOGY 101 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Genetic Drift, Continental Shelf, Foraminifera
Document Summary
Morphology: study of the form or shape of an organism. Genes: essential in studying the genetic clock, but hard to determine systematics solely from genes. Incorporation of developmental patterns: perhaps the only way we can answer these questions: complex characters are likely to have complex developmental pattern. Unlikely that exact same pattern arose more than one: developmental patterns will reveal correlations between morphological traits, understanding development will help clarify polarity (the sequence of evolution) of trait. Molecular genetic clock: certain genes mutate at different rates, and genes that are essential for our survival will mutate slowly. The genetic clock measures genetic distance, or how many mutations occur between taxa. The fewer mutations, the more closely related you are. Uses the constant u as a neutral mutation (substitution) rate. The exchange of genes amongst species can change genetic makeup of offspring. Curvier: created the idea of extinction, influenced darwin.
