EARTH 380 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Zinc, Volcano, United States
12 Oct 2018
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EARTH 380
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Lecture Quiz Questions:
Lecture 1:
- What two metals are used to make bronze?
- Copper and Tin
- Explain the basic chemistry of how bronze is made.
- You take a ratio of 90% copper and 10% tin and melt it down and since tin has a
lower melting point than copper it reduces the melting point of the alloy and forms
bronze which is a stronger metal than copper
- What metal led to the ancient Greeks to ‘discover’ England?
- Tin, sourced in Cornwall, England in order to create bronze
Lecture 2:
- (T/F) Total CO2 emissions in the United States are lower today than they were in 1970?
- False, they have increased
- (T/F) Total CO2 emissions per person in the United States are lower today than they
were in 1970?
- True, total emissions/person are lower
- How many naturally occurring elements are there?
- 92
- How many of those elements are embedded in a smartphone?
- About 70 naturally occurring elements
- Does a transition from combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles reduce the need
for copper?
- No it increases the need for copper
- What do you guess is the annual growth rate of electric vehicles?
- ~~10%?
- As a percentage, how much more copper do you think society uses today as relative to
the past?
- 300%
- How would you determine if we are running out of a particular resource such as copper,
tin, or gold?
- Rate at which we extract each year, how much we know exists
- World reserves/production
Lecture 3:
- What is the point of the essay I, Pencil?
- (The Silent Hand - economics term) Other people are doing things behind the
scene to improve your life
- Consider all of the other resources that are used to create something as
simplistic as a pencil
- Why did resource consumption decrease from 2006-2010 in the US and EU?
- It declined due to the Great Recession as people in general had less money and
bought less stuff
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- What is the relationship between the abundance of a resource and its price?
- Inverse relationship, the less abundant the resource the higher its price
- What controls the strength and color of coffee?
- Length of time left in water, temperature, pressure, how big/small the coffee
particles are
- Where geographically do you predict bauxite deposits to form?
- Hot, humid climates; equatorial climate
- How much time does nature take to form a bauxite deposit compared with the time it
takes humans to extract and use the bauxite?
- 100,000 years
Lecture 4:
- How does nature form a bauxite mineral deposit? How long does it take?
- We start with a layer of rock that contains every element in the periodic table,
rain water percolates through that rock, dissolving elements that are soluble in
water, carrying them out of that layer of rock and further down, which means that
everything that is left behind has increased in abundance due to mass balance.
This process takes 100,000 years.
- How do you think nature formed the gold deposits in California?
- As rain water percolates through the mountains in California, it carries some of
the gold into the stream with it and as the water flows downstream from the
mountain towards the ocean the gold, which is denser than water, sinks to the
bottom of the streams and forms deposits throughout
- (Salt video) What is happening in this video? Describe it scientifically.
- As the water evaporates, the sodium and chlorine ions that were separated when
dissolved in the water re-bond ionically and create the mineral halite (sodium
chloride)
- How do you think nature formed the salt deposits in Michigan, Ohio, New York, and
Ontario?
- Between 600 and 230 million years ago, seawater invaded the Michigan Basin
(shallow sea covering the greater Great Lakes region). As the seas receded and
evaporated, rock and mineral deposits such as halite were left behind
- What happens if the rising bubbles get stuck at the top of the magma chamber?
- As pressure decreases, the volume of the bubbles increases and they exert a
larger and larger force at the top of the magma chamber. Eventually, the
pressure from the bubbles breaks the rock above them and causes the volcano
to erupt
Lecture 5:
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
What is the point of the essay i, pencil? (the silent hand - economics term) other people are doing things behind the scene to improve your life. Consider all of the other resources that are used to create something as simplistic as a pencil. It declined due to the great recession as people in general had less money and bought less stuff. Inverse relationship, the less abundant the resource the higher its price. Length of time left in water, temperature, pressure, how big/small the coffee particles are. As the water evaporates, the sodium and chlorine ions that were separated when dissolved in the water re-bond ionically and create the mineral halite (sodium chloride) How do you think nature formed the salt deposits in michigan, ohio, new york, and. Between 600 and 230 million years ago, seawater invaded the michigan basin (shallow sea covering the greater great lakes region).
