EHS 160- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 31 pages long!)
12 Oct 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
UMass Boston
EHS 160
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Levels of organization of body
chemical level- at most molecules and organelles
cellular level - cell is alive
tissue level- groups of similar cells with similar function
4 groups of tissues
epithelial
covering tissue
ex. skin
muscle cells - provide movement by shortening
helps move bones … contract and relax
connective tissue
supports and protects body
ex. cartilage and bone , tendons
nervous tissue
conduct nervous impulses
Organ level
organ - made up of two or more tissues and performs certain function
ex. heart
heart is made up of cardiac cells that are lined by epithelial tissues
Organ systems
made up of organs acting together to perform overall function
ex. cardiovascular system - transport nutrients throughout body
Requirements for life
1. maintain boundary
need barrier b/w inside and outside
integument provides boundary /w outside and inside
2) movement
muscle tissue
move body
move blood
move food through GI tract
urinary tract
3) responsiveness
job of nervous system
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
respond to change in environment (internal and external)
4) digestion
taking food and break it down chemically for absorption
5) metabolism
all chemical reactions in body
Two types
catabolic
breakdown reactions and give off energy
breakdown big molecules into smaller molecules
anabolic
build up reactions
take small molecules used to make bigger molecules
takes energy
6) excretion
remove wastes from body
feces
metabolic wastes … including urine, carbon dioxide
7) reproduction and growth
sexual reproduction
cellular reproduction
done by mitosis - always making new cells
growth is usually by adding cells
Homeostasis
maintenance of stable equilibrium
maintain stable internal conditions
ex. temperature - usually stays around 98.6%
usually maintained by negative feedback system
stimulus of environment is sensed by receptor
receptor bring signal to processing unit - control center
control center sends signal to effector to reduce stimulus - negative feedback
system
positive feedback systems
rare
stimulus creates an effector which increases stimulus
ex. uterus contracts during pregnancy and contracts more
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Levels of organization of body chemical level- at most molecules and organelles cellular level - cell is alive tissue level- groups of similar cells with similar function. Muscle cells - provide movement by shortening. Helps move bones contract and relax connective tissue supports and protects body. Ex. cartilage and bone , tendons nervous tissue conduct nervous impulses. Organ level organ - made up of two or more tissues and performs certain function. Heart is made up of cardiac cells that are lined by epithelial tissues. Made up of organs acting together to perform overall function ex. cardiovascular system - transport nutrients throughout body. Need barrier b/w inside and outside integument provides boundary /w outside and inside: movement. Urinary tract: responsiveness job of nervous system respond to change in environment (internal and external, digestion, metabolism taking food and break it down chemically for absorption. Breakdown big molecules into smaller molecules anabolic.
