[MUS 3241] - Midterm Exam Guide - Everything you need to know! (11 pages long)
Document Summary
Reform society using reason (rather than tradition faith or revelation) Human reason = tool to combat ignorance, tyranny and supersition. Science and reason to explain natural order. Age of criticism: principles are figured out methodically. Leads to american, french revolutions; latin american independence; socialism, liberalism + fascism; government is (cid:498)perfect(cid:499) society (cid:498)hostile(cid:499) Two great philosophers: declaration of independence, age of reason- thomas paine. Western cultures viewed enlightenment as pinnacle of society. Didn"t believe in prophecy or supernatural aspects or miracles: didn"t believe in primacy of enlightenment; more romantic, hated organized religion corruption. Voltaire (francois-marie arouet) (1694-1788: distrusted the aristocrats, despised the theatre (was a political arena) Jean-jaque rousseau (1712-1778: french, promoted newtonianism, supported religion, liked the theatre, courted aristocrats for power but for democracy. Agreement: monarchy is bad, rejected orthodox christianity. Romanticism: germans are becoming a voice of their own (dark side = hitler) An artistic and literary and intellectual movement. A return to medievalism elements in art + writing.
