PSY 1001- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 183 pages long!)
29 Mar 2018
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Motivation: a need/desire that energizes and directs behavior. Comes from nature (push) vs. nurture (pull) Evolutionary perspective: focuses on genetically predisposed behaviors. Drive-reduction theory: focuses on how our inner pushes and external pulls interact. Arousal theory: finding the right level of stimulation. Hierar(cid:272)hy of needs (cid:894)maslo(cid:449)(cid:859)s(cid:895): some of our needs take priority over others. (cid:862)the(cid:455) a(cid:396)e i(cid:374)(cid:374)ate, the(cid:455) la(cid:272)k spo(cid:374)ta(cid:374)eit(cid:455), a(cid:396)e sti(cid:373)ulus (cid:271)ou(cid:374)d, a(cid:374)d ste(cid:396)eot(cid:455)ped. (cid:863) E(cid:454)a(cid:373)ple: e(cid:455)e(cid:271)li(cid:374)k (cid:396)efle(cid:454) is a (cid:396)efle(cid:454), (cid:449)hile (cid:862)(cid:449)i(cid:374)ki(cid:374)g(cid:863) is a (cid:271)eha(cid:448)io(cid:396) Instinct: complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned (innate->we are born with instincts). Possessed by all members of the species. Tinbergen studied herring gull chick response to various beak shapes. He discovered that he could create a superstimulus, an artificial stimulus that animals actually prefer to the real thing. Human behaviors are usually directed by both physiological needs and psychological wants (nature+nurture) William mcdougall studied primary human instincts and believed that each one has an associated emotion:
