HIST 106 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Early Modern Period, China, Asia
HIST 106
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
The world in 1450; Why start in 1450
“ieria, Australia, Arti…
• Paleolithic societies
o Gathering and hunting
o Environment w sufficient resources
▪ did’t itrodue farig the had eough resoures
▪ did manipulate environment and traded
o Lived in permanent or semi-permanent settlements
o Variation culturally and socially
North Aeria, Afria, Aazo, “E Asia…
• Agriculture village societies
o Political, social and cultural structures based on independent, smaller, organized
communities.
▪ When you have enough to feed everyone, not every person has to work.
• This creates priests, political leaders, etc
o Social and gender hierarchies bc of this
• Less social stratification (gender and class)
West Afria…
• Songhay Empire: Islamic state
o Timbuktu: Great city in West Africa
• Fulbe, pastoral peoples
o Grow animals, not crops
• Igbo, agricultural
• These groups of people share resources
City-Centered, state-ased soieties…
• Majorit of orld’s populatio
• Agriultural, earl idustr
• Growing bureaucracies (tax collection and legal structures)
• Recognizable culture
• Local identity
o People do’t assoiate theseles religio, laguage, or atioal idetit
o Rather they associate themselves w family names or cities
Empires in Americas
• Aztec in Central America (Mexico)
o Unstable, conquest state.
▪ 5-6 million people
• You are part of us or you die
o Sun-centered religion
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
▪ Human sacrifice
o Agricultural and trade economy
• Incan in South America (Peru, Bolivia)
o Quechua
▪ 10 million subjects
▪ More stable than Aztecs, but still conquest state
Indian Subcontinent
• Not unified politically!
o Gujarrat in NW, Tamil in S, Vijayanagara Kingdom
o Hindu –some minor religions
o Trade networks
o Weaving and cloth industry
▪ Very important, home based hand labor
▪ Already a hub of trade in 1450
o Muhgal Empire
Europe
• Fragmented, independent states!
• Reaissae ultural reirth
o Returning to their sources
• Roman Catholic/Eastern Orthodox
o No protestants yet
o Majority of political power lies in these two religions
• Recovering from Black Death
o Was a demographic collapse, no one to work land leading to less taxes and armies and
less aggressive states
o People resources starting to build up
• Starting age of Exploration
o Led by Portuguese and Spanish
Ottoman Empire
• Est in 14th century Turkey
• Muslim
• Controlled trade networks
• Constantinople fell in 1453**
o One of the most important dates in world history
Mongols
• Pastoral
• Territorially aggressive
• Controlled all of Central Asia at one point
• 13th etur reated Mogol Peae
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The world in 1450; why start in 1450. I(cid:271)eria, australia, ar(cid:272)ti(cid:272) : paleolithic societies, gathering and hunting, environment w sufficient resources, did(cid:374)"t i(cid:374)trodu(cid:272)e far(cid:373)i(cid:374)g (cid:271)(cid:272) the(cid:455) had e(cid:374)ough resour(cid:272)es, did manipulate environment and traded, lived in permanent or semi-permanent settlements, variation culturally and socially. West afri(cid:272)a : songhay empire: islamic state, timbuktu: great city in west africa, fulbe, pastoral peoples, grow animals, not crops. Igbo, agricultural: these groups of people share resources. City-centered, state-(cid:271)ased so(cid:272)ieties : majorit(cid:455) of (cid:449)orld"s populatio(cid:374, agri(cid:272)ultural, earl(cid:455) (cid:862)i(cid:374)dustr(cid:455)(cid:863, growing bureaucracies (tax collection and legal structures, recognizable culture. Local identity: people do(cid:374)"t asso(cid:272)iate the(cid:373)sel(cid:448)es (cid:449) religio(cid:374), la(cid:374)guage, or (cid:374)atio(cid:374)al ide(cid:374)tit(cid:455, rather they associate themselves w family names or cities. Empires in americas: aztec in central america (mexico, unstable, conquest state, 5-6 million people, you are part of us or you die, sun-centered religion, human sacrifice, agricultural and trade economy.
