BIOL 101 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Hydrogen Bond, Periodic Table, Hydrogenation
Document Summary
Electrons hover around the nucleus in orbitals. Certain probability that they will be in a certain place. Orbital = place electron is most likely to be found. Periodic table organizes elements by #of protons ends up grouping by properties. Cadmium and mercury toxic bc they replace zinc but do not serve the same purpose in its place. Specific atoms can also have different numbers of neutrons (isotopes) Eg: carbon-14 unstable: can be used to date bio samples as only made in atmosphere. Atoms are most stable when all orbital sets are filled. Molecule: a structure of multiple atoms linked by covalent bonds. Specific atoms (and molecules) can have diff numbers of electrons (ions) Na+ has 11 protons and 10 electrons. Cl- has 17 protons and 18 electrons. More protons than electrons = + = cation. More electrons than protons = - = anion. Ca2+ is used every time you twitch. Cl- is central in the deadly effect of cholera infection.
