BIOL 101 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Pleiotropy, Punnett Square, Autosome
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5. (3 points) two siblings have different blood types. 6. (2 points) the gene for a particular disease is carried on an autosome. 7. (3 points) we know that labrador retrievers come in three colors: black, chocolate and yellow, where yellow is essentially colorless. Color is controlled by the e/e locus and the b/b locus, which segregate independently. Do not use a punnett square to obtain your answer. 8. (3 points) two plants with the following genotypes were crossed: aabbee x aabbee. The genes a and b are on the same chromosome, but e is on a different chromosome and therefore segregates independently of a and b. 9. (3 points) color blindness is a sex linked recessive trait in humans. Viii. (2 points each) match the following terms with their best definition, by placing the correct letter in each blank:
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These all relate to exceptions to the inheritance patterns encountered by Mendel.​
Why do multiple and lethal alleles often result in modifications of the classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios?
Select the four correct statements.
| -When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios. |
| -In the case of codominance, heterozygotes produce gene products from both alleles of a gene. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by codominance. |
| -In the case of incomplete dominance, the phenotype of the heterozygote is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of homozygous individuals. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by incomplete dominance. |
| -Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions and a diploid organism has two homologous gene loci that may be occupied by different alleles of the same gene. This can result in many different phenotypes for traits, which may not follow typical Mendelian ratios. |
| -When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. This results in a modification of classic Mendelian ratios. |
| -The phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygous genotypes. The joint expression of both alleles in a heterozygote is called codominance. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios. |
| -Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions, but in a diploid organism, only one allele of the gene can occupy one homologous gene loci. Classic Mendelian inheritance cannot explain this phenomenon. |
| -Each gene produces a unique gene product. The effect of one allele in a heterozygote completely masks the effect of the other. Classic Mendelian genetics cannot explain this phenomenon. |
