NURS 165 Study Guide - Final Guide: Hyperlipidemia, Chylomicron, Lipoprotein
Obesity/Dyslipidemia Study Guide
• BMI = height/weight relationship
o 25-29.9: overweight
o > 30, obese, so on up
• Epidemiology
o 1.9 billion overweight, 600 million obese
o 39% of adults overweight, 13% obese
o Worldwide prevalence more than doubled, 1980-2014
o NHANES: 68.5% of Americans overweight, 34.9% obese
o Certain ethnic groups have greater predisposition
▪ African Americans
▪ Latinos, etc.
• Pathophysiology
o Mix of genes, environment, and metabolism
▪ Genetic problems: leptin deficiency; Prader-Willi syndrome
(constant insatiable hunger)
▪ Environmental problems: too much huge portions of bad food!
• Also food deserts: urban areas w/ no fresh produce!
• Sedentary lifestyle
o Need to understand ADIPOCYTES and ADIPOSE TISSUE!
▪ Adipocytes – store fats as triglycerides; release TGs for
energy/fuel
• When excess calories – adipocytes increase in number
and size (hyperplasia/hypertrophy)
▪ If adipocyte capacity to store fat exceeded, fat deposited
in/on other organs
• Hypertrophy + visceral fat = sick fat (adiposopathy)
• Sick fat, person gets visibly fatter
o Fat on trunk → apple shape
o Fat on hips/limbs → peripheral obesity
▪ Visceral vs. Subcutaneous fat
• Visceral – abdominal fat
o More hormonally active & inflammation
• Subcutaneous – fat under skin
▪ Adipose tissue – more than just energy storage & cushioning!
• Produces hormones contributing to inflammation,
thrombosis, etc. → obesity
▪ Leptin
• Increases satiety and energy expenditure
• Stimulates insulin release
• Hypertrophy → leptin resistance → body can’t respond
▪ Adiponectin
• Increases nitric oxide (dilator)
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