BIO 352 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Polyploid, Chromosomal Translocation, Epistasis

77 views2 pages

coffeebear683

20 Jun 2018

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Study Guides, a Grade+ subscription is required.

Old Exam 2

1. You are studying a new species of toad that exists in two forms, bumpy an smooth. You

find that when bumpy females are mated to smooth males the offspring consist of bumpy

males and smooth females, whereas when smooth females are mated with bumpy

males the offspring of both sexes are all bumpy. All strains mated are true-breeding. You

would conclude that the _____ allele is dominant and that _____ are the heterogametic

sex ( the sex with two different chromosomes) in this species

a. Bumpy, females

2. Why are triploid species rare?

a. Chromosomes in triploid cannot segregate equally during meiosis causing

sterility.

3. Chromosome nondisjunction results in which of the following human genetic disorders?

a. Klinefelter and Turner Syndrome

4. In Drosophila, the white eyes gene is on the X chromosome, and the w (white) is

recessive to w+ (red). A red-eyed male is mated to a white-eyed female and produces

many white-eyed sons, many red-eyed daughters, and one red-eyed son. What is the

most likely sex chromosome constitution of the red-eyed son?

a. XXY

5. Why do mapping experiments become less accurate when the distance between linked

genes become large?

a. Multiple crossovers are more common

6. In Humans, XXY individuals are males with Klinefelter's syndrome. WHich of the the

following events could not give rise to a Klinefelter male?

a. Nondisjunction at meiosis II in the father.

7. In tetrad analysis, second-division segregation patterns (2:4:2 or 2:2:2:2) result from:

a. Single crossovers between a gene and a centromere

8. In chicken, it is the females that have two different sex chromosomes (Z and W) while

the males have two Z chromosomes. A Z-linked gene controls the pattern of feathers

with the dominant B allele causing the barred pattern and the b allele causing non-

barred feathers. You cross a barred female with a non-barred male. What do you expect

for the phenotype of the progeny?

a. Daughters of all one type, sons of all the other type

9. A human with turner's syndrome would represent

a. More than one of the above

a.i. (an aneuploid condition)

a.ii. (A monosomic condition)

10. A transfer of genetic material between two non-homologous chromosome is called:

a. A reciprocal translocation

11. Because of translocation involving non-homologous chromosomes, a growth gene

suddenly finds itself expressed at a much higher rate and the cell becomes cancerous.

This activision of the growth genes is because of:

a. Position effects

12. In a reciprocal translocation heterozygote, what is the pattern of homologus

chromosome association during synapsis?

a. A cross shaped configuration of four chromosomes is formed

13. Triploids

a. All except one of the above

find more resources at oneclass.com

Unlock document

This preview shows half of the first page of the document.
Unlock all 2 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in

Document Summary

Old exam 2: you are studying a new species of toad that exists in two forms, bumpy an smooth. You find that when bumpy females are mated to smooth males the offspring consist of bumpy males and smooth females, whereas when smooth females are mated with bumpy males the offspring of both sexes are all bumpy. In drosophila, the white eyes gene is on the x chromosome, and the w (white) is recessive to w+ (red). A red-eyed male is mated to a white-eyed female and produces many white-eyed sons, many red-eyed daughters, and one red-eyed son. What is the most likely sex chromosome constitution of the red-eyed son: xxy, why do mapping experiments become less accurate when the distance between linked genes become large, multiple crossovers are more common. In humans, xxy individuals are males with klinefelter"s syndrome. Which of the the following events could not give rise to a klinefelter male: nondisjunction at meiosis ii in the father.

Related Questions

You have four pure-breeding strains of mice that all have white fur. Crosses between brown females from a wild-type strain and white males from your four strains produce only brown progeny, indicating that all four strains carry a recessive mutation that causes white fur. You cross all of the white strains to each other as indicated in the table below, and record the fur color of the offspring.

Mother strain Father strain Progeny

Cross #1 A B brown

Cross #2 A C brown

Cross #3 A D white

Cross #4 C B white

Cross #5 D B brown

Cross #6 D C brown

Cross #7 B A brown females, white males

Cross #8 C A brown females, white males

Cross #9 D A white

Cross #10 B C white

Cross #11 B D brown females, white males

Cross #12 C D brown females, white males

Complete the following table of progeny genotypes from the crosses listed above. You will need as many loci (columns) as there are number of different genes carrying white-fur mutations (this may be more or fewer than three loci). In each row indicate the genotype of the progeny of that cross at all loci. Denote white-fur alleles with w and brown-fur alleles with +. If there are loci where the genotype differs between males and females, list both genotypes and indicate which genotype belongs to each sex.

Cross # locus1 locus2 locus3 ....

1 + +

In a few sentences, describe why some crosses produce all brown offspring, some crosses produce all white offspring, and some produce brown and white offspring. Use the following terms in your answer: complement, fail to complement, X-linked, autosomal.

redyak252

1). Thyroid hormone (TH) has been identified as one of the factors promoting phenotype development in the Mexican axolotl salamander. Which of the following statements regarding the impact of TH is FALSE?

A). Axolotls maturing in water with high concentration of TH (thyroxine; T4) metamorphose into a terrestrial form.

B). A genome-wide scan of both the axolotl and its sister species found a large reduction in the number of mRNA transcripts that regulate the production of TH.

C). Adding TH (thyroxine; T4) to the water in which axolotl individuals are reared causes them to remain in a larval stage.

D). Most salamander species produce a burst of TH when they move from water to land.

2).What would be an appropriate evolutionary explanation of the fact that the ordering of some homeotic genes (such as Hox genes) on vertebrate chromosomes parallels the ordering of homeotic genes on fruit fly chromosomes?

A). The similarity is a coincidence, not documented in other invertebrates and largely a result of random mutations.

B). Homeotic genes show that insects and vertebrates are closer relatives than the traditional classification system indicates.

C). Homeotic genes of different animal lineages might be ordered in a similar fashion, yet their sequences are completely different.

D). The similar ordering of homeotic genes in animals, both vertebrate and insect, is due to ancient homology.

3). Which of the following correctly defines "homeotic genes"?

A). Homeotic genes encode proteins that control the cellular environment in a differentiated cell tissue.

B). Homeotic genes are DNA sequences that turn off, but not on, the expression of other genes and are controlled by "master-switch" genes.

C). Homeotic genes are "master-switch" genes that control other genes in a set sequence and thereby affect cell size, shape, division, and the positioning of the cells within the organism.

D). Homeotic genes are DNA sequences that turn on, but not off, the expression of other genes and are controlled by "master-switch" genes.

4). Which of the following is NOT considered a type of heterochrony (change in the rate and timing of development)?

A). hypermorphosis

B). acceleration

C). neoteny

D). ontogeny

5). How does the dominance theory explain why the heterogametic sex is at a disadvantage in Haldane's rule?

A). Beneficial dominant alleles will never be fully expressed in hybrids as they only carry one copy of the sex chromosome that carries the allele.

B). If a dominant allele has a negative effect on the fitness of hybrids, it will always be expressed in the heterogametic hybrids that possess that allele because they only need one copy of the respective sex chromosome.

C). If a recessive allele linked to a sex chromosome has a negative effect on the fitness of hybrids, that allele will always be expressed in the heterogametic hybrids that possess that allele because they only have one copy of the sex chromosome that carries the allele.

D). If a recessive allele linked to a sex chromosome has a positive effect on the fitness of hybrids, that allele will never be expressed in the heterogametic hybrids that possess that allele because they only have one copy of the sex chromosome that carries the allele.

6). In a hypothetical flowering plant species, one population evolves a different response to environmental stimuli and begins to bloom significantly later in the season than nearby populations. What type of reproductive isolating mechanism would this be?

A). hybrid sterility

B). postzygotic

C). prezygotic

D). gametic incompatibility

7). In a study of red spruce trees and black spruce trees, scientists found that the red spruce was living in a smaller geographic area and had much less genetic variation than the black spruce. They proposed that the red spruce might have arisen from a southern population of black spruce, which became geographically isolated from other black spruce populations at some point during the Pleistocene glaciations. What is this an example of?

A). allopatric speciation with the vicariance model

B). sympatric speciation

C). allopatric speciation with the peripheral isolate model

D). sympatric speciation with the ring species model

8). Which of the following defines Haldane's rule and its predictions?

A). If among hybrid offspring one sex is absent, rare, or sterile, that sex is always male.

B). If among hybrid offspring one sex is absent, rare, or sterile, that sex is always female.

C). If among hybrid offspring one sex is absent, rare, or sterile, that sex is heterogametic (has two different sex chromosomes).

D). If among hybrid offspring one sex is absent, rare, or sterile, that sex is homogametic (has two of the same sex chromosomes).

8.) Which of the following statements best explains secondary reinforcement?

A). If the reproductive isolating mechanisms that developed during the geographic isolation are strong but the hybrids have higher fitness than the parent species, then the speciation process will cease.

B). If the reproductive isolating mechanisms that developed during the geographic isolation are somewhat weak but the hybrids between two populations have lower fitness, then the speciation process may continue.

C). If the reproductive isolating mechanisms that developed during the geographic isolation are sufficiently weak as to allow free interbreeding across reunited populations, then the speciation process will halt and a single species will remain.

D). When geographic isolation comes to an end, two populations always complete the divergence process and become separate species.

ceruleanzebra430

___1. Nationally, the most common cause of Down Syndrome is
a. nondisjunction of Chromosome 21 during meiosis
b. translocation of Chromosome 21 onto another chromosome
c. inversion of a large section of Chromosome 21
d. deletion of the Down Syndrome gene
___2. In humans, sex is determined by
a. The presence or absence of the Y chromosome
b. The ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes
c. The temperature during fetal development
d. Which parent is stronger at the time of conception
___3. A translocation is
a. a chromosomal abnormality in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome
b. an abnormality in which the chromosomes are translocated out of the nucleus
c. a condition in which the chromosome has broken in two places and come back together with the middle segment backward
d. an abnormality in which there is an extra copy of one chromosome
___ 4. In snapdragons, a red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces all pink-flowered offspring. But crossing two pink-flowered plants produces red, pink, and white in a 1:2:1 ratio. This is a good example of
a. Incomplete dominance
b. Dominance of the red allele over the white allele
c. Lethal effects of the pink allele
d. Sex-linkage of the flower-color alleles
___ 5. If a person with type AB blood marries a person with Type O blood, what blood types are possible in their children? (Assume this trait is a single-gene trait, not complicated by interaction with other genes).
a. A, B, AB, or O
b. A or B only
c. AB or O only
d. AB only 2
___6. In what phase of meiosis are haploid nuclei first formed? a. Anaphase I b. Metaphase II c. Telophase II d. Metaphase I e. Telophase I
___7. What is the phenotype of a heterozygous tall pea plant? a. tall b. Tt c. TT d. tt e. dominant
___ 8. If genes A and B are far apart on a chromosome, and A and C are close together, which of the following observations is expected?
a. Crossing over will occur more often between A and C than between A and B
b. Crossing over will occur at equal frequencies between A and C, and between A and B
c. Crossing over will occur more often between A and B than between A and C
___9. Sometimes an organismâs genotype for one gene masks the effect of a different gene. This phenomenon is called
a. Dominance
b. Incomplete dominance
c. Co-dominance
d. Epistasis
e. Variable expressivity
___10. The dominant allele of a gene is
a. The one that is expressed most often in a population
b. The one that is expressed most often in any particular cross
c. The one that is expressed in an individual that has two different alleles
d. The one that is most healthy to have, that gives the greatest fitness
___11. In human cells, DNA replication occurs
a. In S phase of interphase
b. In G1 phase of interphase
c. In G2 phase of interphase
d. In prophase of mitosis
e. Whenever the cell needs to read the DNA to make proteins
___ 12. A process in which recipient cells take up genes from DNA molecules floating free in the surrounding medium is called
a. conjugation
b. specialized transduction
c. generalized transduction
d. transformation 3
___ 13. Most calico cats are female. However, a few rare males are observed. What is the genotype of a male calico cat?
a. X BX 0
b. X OY
c. X BY
d. X BYY
e. X BX OY
___ 14. A type of red-green color-blindness is a sex-linked (X-linked) recessive trait in humans. Can a woman have this type of color-blindness?
a. Yes, a woman could be color-blind if her mother and father were both heterozygous.
b. Yes, a woman could be color-blind but only if she has an abnormal number of sex chromosomes.
c. No, women can't show sex-linked traits because they lack a Y chromosome.
d. No, women can't show sex-linked traits because they have two X chromosomes.
e. Yes, a woman could be color-blind if her father was color-blind and her mother was a carrier (heterozygous).

BIO 352 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Polyploid, Chromosomal Translocation, Epistasis

Document Summary

Get access

Related textbook solutions

Molecular Cell Biology

Biology: Science for Life with Physiology

Biology

Concepts of Biology

Essentials of Biology

Related Documents

BIO 352 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Chromosome Abnormality, Klinefelter Syndrome, Meiosis

BIO 352 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Centromere, Genetic Recombination, Heredity

BIO 191 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Gene Dosage, Barr Body, Centromere

Related Questions