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BIOL 190 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Nanny, Zygosity, Quantitative Trait Locus

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School
University of San Diego
Department
Biology Courses
Course
BIOL 190
Professor
Leavitt, Dean

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Document Summary

Compare z-linked inheritance in the blue peafowl to x-linked inheritance in the fruit y: the female and male switch roles. Again, pay attention to phenotypic rations in the f1 and f2 generations. Females are the only ones to have recessive trait in f1 and only if father had recessive trait. F2 female is more likely to be cameo but male can be as well. What is full dominance: dominant allele causes completely dominate phenotype in dominant homo and heterozygotes. In heterozygotes, a range of phenotype may occur (red, pink, white) Give an example: dominant - red ower, recessive - white ower, hetero - pink ower. What is codominance: phenotype of both recessive and dominant are visible. Give an example: blood types, type a, type b, type ab. De ne penetrance: penetrance is the percent of offspring that have the expected phenotype based on genotype. Expressivity: the degree to which a speci c phenotype is expressed.

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Related Questions

During the course of the infamous Drosophila experiment, two students noticed a female fly that behaved in a peculiar manner. She crawled very slowly and did not fly. Realizing that this fly, collected as a virgin female, was abnormal, they did not use her in their experiment, but decided to investigate the inheritance of this tired trait. They crossed the tired female with a wild-type male and were surprised to find that all the F1 flies, male and female, exhibited the tired trait. They allowed these flies to mate and observed that all the F2 flies were tired. They generated an F3 and F4 generation. All flies were tired. Satisfied that they had a true-breeding stock, they performed reciprocal crosses with wild type. Wild-type males by tired females yielded all tired flies in the F1 and succeeding generations. However, when tired males were crossed to wild-type females, the F1 progeny were all wild type. Succeeding generations were wild type.

A. What type of inheritance is exhibited by tired? Explain. Suggest a likely location in the cell for this mutation. Explain.

During their studies, an apparently wild-type fly, a male, appeared in one of their tired stocks. Since the fly carried several other markers, these two students concluded--after much argument--that this fly was not a contaminant. They crossed this revertant male with a tired female from the pure-breeding stock. The progeny were phenotypically 50% tired and 50% wild type. Males and females were represented equally between both phenotypes.

B. Was the mutation that produced the wild-type phenotype in the unusual male dominant or recessive? Explain. What is the most likely origin of this mutation? Explain.

Answer the following Linked to sex genetics problems:

1.) In Drosophila the recessive mutation linked to the X chromosome, scalloped ( sd ), causes the edge of the wings to be irregular. Present the results (you must prepare the crossing scheme) phenotypic for F1 and F2 for a cross between:

A) female scallop and a normal male (regular edges)

B) A normal (homozygous) female and a scallop male .

C) Compare these results with those that would be obtained if scallop were an autosomal recessive mutation.

2.) In Drosophila the autosomal recessive ebony mutation (e) is located on chromosome 3 and produces a dark body in the fly that expresses it. What will be the phenotypic proportions for F1 and F2 that will be obtained from a cross between a scallop female and homozygous for a normal body, with an ebony male with normal wings? Solve by the bifurcated lines method.

3.) In Drosophila the recessive mutation linked to the vermilion X chromosome (v) produces bright red colored eyes in contrast to the wild phenotype that has brick red eyes. An autosomal recessive mutation, suppressor vermilion (su-v) causes homozygous or hemizygous males to females present vermilion red brick eyes. In the absence of the vermilion allele su-v has no effect on the phenotype of the eye. Determine the genotype and phenotype of F1 and F2 at a cross between a homozygous female for vermilion and su-v, with a vermilion male and wild homozygous for su-v (su-v + su-v + ) . Present the diagram of bifurcated lines for these crosses.

4.) At a crossroads with Drosophila involving recessive mutations white (linked to the X chromosome) and sepia (autosomal recessive) that produces dark eyes, predict the results of F1 and F2 when crossing pure parents with the following phenotypes.

A.) White females with sepia males.

B.) Sepia females with white males

5.) Two mothers have given birth to their children at the same time in an urban hospital with an excess of patients. The child of couple 1 has hemophilia, a condition caused by a recessive allele linked to the X chromosome. Neither parent has the condition. Couple 2 has a normal child even though the father is a hemophiliac. Several years later, couple 1 filed a lawsuit alleging that the babies were changed after birth and you are called to testify as a genetic counselor. What information would you give the jury in relation to the allegation of the couple 1?

According to the multiplication rule of probability, the chance of crossing two pea plants that are heterozygous for height and have none of four offspring showing the recessive short phenotype is:A. ¼ × ¼ × ¼ × ¼.

B. ¾ × ¾ × ¾ × ¾.

C. (¼ × ¼ × ¼ × ¼) + (¾ × ¾ × ¾ × ¾).

D. ¼ + ¼ + ¼ + ¼.

E. None of the above.

What characteristic is exhibited by an X-linked trait?

a) Only females have the trait.
b) Females inherit X-linked traits from their maternal parent only.
c) Females can inherit a gene for an X-linked trait from either parent.

d) Males inherit X-linked traits from their paternal parent only.

e) Males can inherit a gene for an X-linked trait from either parent but normally inherit it from their fathers.
What characteristic is exhibited by a Y-linked trait?
a) Y-linked traits appear only in male offspring of men with the trait.
b)Y-linked traits are only passed from father to son.
c) Y-linked traits can be passed from mother to son.
d) Both A and B are characteristics of Y-linked traits.
e) Both A and C are characteristics of Y-linked traits.
Which of the following codes for a phenotypic human male?
a) XO with a copy of SRY gene on an autosomal chromosome?
b) XXYY with one copy of the SRY gene deleted?
c) XX with a copy of SRY gene on an autosomal chromosome?
d) All of the above sex compliments results in a person with a sex phenotype of male.
e) XY with the SRY gene located on an autosomal chromosome?
In Drosophila, yellow body is due to an X-linked gene (Xy) that is recessive to the gene for gray body (X+). A homozygous gray female is crossed with a yellow male. What are the genotypes of the F1 progeny?
In some goats, the presence of horns is produced by an autosomal gene that is dominant in males and recessive in females. A horned female is crossed with a hornless male. The F1 offspring are intercrossed to produce the F2. What proportion of the F2 females will have horns?
a)1/2
b)3/4
c)1/4
d) All
None
a) Females are X+X+; males are X+Y.
b)Females are X+X+; males are XyXy.
c)Females are X+X+; males are XyY.
d) Females are X+Xy; males are XyY.
e) Females are X+Xy; males are X+Y.

Females inherit X-linked traits from their maternal parent only.
Females can inherit a gene for an X-linked trait from either parent.
Males inherit X-linked traits from their paternal parent only.
Males can inherit a gene for an X-linked trait from either parent but normally inherit it from their fathers.
Males can inherit a gene for an X-linked trait from either parent but normally inherit it from their fathers.