ANT 322M Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Mexico, Mexican Americans, Indigenous Peoples Of The Americas
ANT 322M
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
9/4
- Ethnic Labels and Demographics
- The Intellectual Foundations of the Study of Mexican
American Indigenous Heritage
o Civil Rights Movement
o Civil Rights Act 1964 and Pres Johnson’s Reforms
o Chicano Movement
▪ Cesar Chavez- 1962 labor movement
Ethnic Labels : Spanish Ancestry
- Mexican American
o Mexican Americans are a mixture of Spaniards and
indigenous people
- Puerto Rican
o High African population
- Cuban American
- Dominicans, Central American, South American
- Spaniards
- There were regional and racial differences among people of
Latin America due to slave-trade
The Intellectual Foundations of the Study of Mexican American
Indigenous Heritage
- Began in the 60s
- Civil Rights Movement affected the Hispanic populations
o They entered universities
o Many pursued doctoral degrees
o Many wrote about Mexican culture and indigenous
heritage
o How they were discriminated against
- Azlán was developed
o A myth
o Didn’t accurately depict Hispanic heritage in American
southwest
- The biggest inequality was discrimination
o The states had the right to determine what were civil
rights
o Gov believed we (brown) were demanding privilege
▪ Browns interacting with whites was thought of as
a privilege
- What makes the Civil Rights Movement different from others?
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o Blacks lost a lot of cases in court, Hispanics won a
lot
▪ However, the legislature would change the laws or
ignore them
o There was massive support from white Americans that
wanted to end discriminatory practices
- There were many early civil rights movements that took
place within small communities
o The earliest began in the 1840s
o Related to land movements
o Juan Cortina was a front figure for the movements
during this time
▪ Joins the union in Civil War and keeps his
powerful figure
o Juan Seguin sided with Texan independence
▪ He became representatives for Mexican-Americans
▪ Organized a secret movement to revolt against the
Texas republic
o Mutualist Societies- community organizations that
organized themselves to raise money to pay for legal
fees to litigate for arguing for land
▪ Organized money for people in economic distress
- In 1929, LULAC (League of United Latin American Citizens)
was established in Texas by a group of Mexican-Americans
o Early members were professionals filled with middle-
class people
o Civil rights organization to fight discrimination,
specifically, segregation in schools
o There were special schools created for Hispanics
because they believed they needed special ways of
learning
o The catholic church, at first, did not segregate
Hispanics, but later, they did
▪ They provided schooling all the way to 8th grade,
which was different from public schools
o GI Forum
▪ Established in 1948 in Texas
▪ Fought for civil rights
▪ Position was fight, but be tolerant
o CSO (Community Service Organization)
▪ Mostly in California
▪ Fought for civil rights
▪ Position was fight, but be tolerant
- 1954 Supreme Court outlawed segregation
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