BIO 337 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Growth Factor, Carcinogen, Oncogene
Document Summary
Gene regulation is the turning off and on of specific genes within a living organism. Cell differentiation is the different protein combinations that allow for the vastly different cell types present in humans. Bacteria must regulate their genes in response to environmental changes. Eukaryotes control gene expression at the dna level. 90 percent of most genes are turned off in most eukaryotic cells. Controlling physical access to the dna and transcription are most effective methods of controlling gene expression. The cell uses silencer or activators to control transcription. Gene expression occurs in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes, and in the nucleus and cytoplasm in eukaryotes. Post-transcriptional modification is a process in eukaryotic cells where primary transcript rna is converted into mature rna. In order to get a functional protein from a gene, you have to have many changes. Exons can be combines in lots of different ways after non-coding sequences have been removed.
