[GRG 301C] - Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes fot the exam (37 pages long!)
29 Mar 2017
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What are corals: two-layered marine invertebrates that live in groups called colonies, related to jellyfish and anemones, made up of individuals called "polyps" Linked to their neighbors and can share their food. What are coral reefs: underwater structures formed from the accumulation of calcium carbonate produced by numerous coral colonies. Extract calcium carbonate from the sea and secrete a cup of calcium carbonate. 845 stony coral species have been recognized. Symbiosis: close and long tern interaction between two or more distinct species. Many obtain some/all of their food from one-celled organisms called zooxanthellae. Up to 95% of the energy produced by photosynthesis is transferred to the host coral polyp. Symbiosis is a mutualistic association (benefits both) Sunlight dependent (cannot grow in the dark, need plenty of sunlight) Low nutrient, high dissolved oxygen: soft corals. Fire and lace, black or thorny, sea fans/whips. Sexual reproduction occurs by the separate release of gametes and sperm.
