BIOL 2312- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 76 pages long!)
6 Oct 2017
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1:23 pm: 45. 1: regulation of processes by chemical messengers. Intro: blood carries hormones to every cell in the body, but only those target cells with matching receptors can respond. This specificity is what allows hormones to be active at very small concentrations. About 10-8 to 10-10 m concentrations: local regulators are paracrine regulators: Released within and act in that organ and nearby cells. Do not travel through the blood--->organ can regulate its own cells: autocrine signaling: when cells release molecules that regulate their own behavior. Cancer cells that release their own growth factor (gf: pheromones: chemicals released into environment to communicate. Not involved in normal metabolic regulation of organism. Some molecules act as both circulating hormones and neurotransmitters: Blood delivery of hormones= coordination by endocrine glands of vast numbers of target cells: some molecules can be made by endocrine glands and used by neurons as neurotransmitters. Endocrine function: stressor---> secreted by adrenal glands--->into blood--->coordinate heart, lung, blood vessels---> stress response.
